What causes sebaceous nevus? It turns out to be like this

Sebaceous nevus is a congenital developmental abnormality that often occurs on the head, neck, and scalp. Therefore, patients are advised to detect these diseases in a timely manner based on the symptoms, actively treat sebaceous nevus, and reduce complications.

1. Causes of sebaceous nevus

This disease is a congenital developmental abnormality in which the sebaceous glands increase, and the skin and other skin appendages and leather are also involved in the formation. Usually born, or appear early in children. Among them, the development of sebaceous glands in nevi is restricted by skin abnormalities and is characterized by sebaceous gland hyperplasia.

Pathogenesis of sebaceous nevus

The pathological changes of sebaceous nevus vary depending on the length of medical history. In infancy and childhood, the history is that the sebaceous glands are hypoplastic and apocrine sweat glands cannot be identified. The epidermis is mildly hyperplastic, with small hair follicles and undifferentiated epithelial cell cords or germs visible.

During adolescence, a large number of mature or nearly mature sebaceous glands can be seen in the skin lesions, and the epidermis above them often shows papilloma-like hyperplasia and thickening of the stratum spinosum can be seen. Below the sebaceous lobules, ectopic apocrine sweat glands can be seen. In the skin lesions of elderly patients, the epidermis often shows wart-like hyperplasia, and sometimes tumor-like hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands can be seen.

3. Common complications of sebaceous nevus

The disease most commonly occurs on the scalp and face, and is usually a single lesion. In a few cases, multiple plaques or nodules can be seen, which are round or oval and may be distributed in a band-like manner. This situation is mostly found in areas other than the head and face. The disease often occurs shortly after birth or at birth. In childhood, it appears as a localized, hairless patch that is slightly raised, smooth, waxy, and yellowish.

In adolescent patients, because the sebaceous gland components are most developed, the lesions appear nodular, petal-shaped, or warty. The skin lesions in elderly patients are often wart-like, firm in texture, and may be brown in color. Nodules may occur in plaques as a result of sebaceous gland hyperplasia.