What are the symptoms of coagulation disorders?

Coagulation dysfunction is a hemorrhagic disease caused by the lack of anticoagulant factors or abnormal functions. It should be noted that if there is coagulation dysfunction, the threat it poses is relatively serious. The body lacks coagulation factors, and once bleeding occurs, it cannot effectively control the bleeding. The most common clinical condition is acquired coagulation dysfunction, and patients often have multiple coagulation factor deficiencies.

1. Symptoms

Coagulation disorders refer to bleeding disorders caused by coagulation factor deficiency or dysfunction, which can be divided into two categories: hereditary and acquired. Hereditary coagulation disorders are generally a single coagulation factor deficiency, and bleeding symptoms often occur in infancy and are often accompanied by a family history. Acquired coagulation disorders are more common, and recovered patients often have multiple coagulation factor deficiencies, which often occur in adults. Clinically, in addition to bleeding, they are also accompanied by symptoms and signs of the primary disease.

2. Causes

1. Hereditary coagulation disorders are generally caused by a single coagulation factor deficiency, which often causes bleeding symptoms in infancy and often has a family history.

2. Acquired coagulation dysfunction is more common. Patients often have multiple coagulation factor deficiencies. It mostly occurs in adults. Clinically, in addition to bleeding, they are also accompanied by symptoms and signs of the primary disease.

3. Prevention

1. The principle of supplementing coagulation factors for hemophilia bleeding is to supplement the deficient coagulation factors and increase the plasma factor concentration to the hemostatic level. Fresh plasma can generally be used. Severe bleeding requires surgical operation, or patients with heart failure should use antihemophilic globulin concentrate, cryoprecipitate or prothrombin complex concentrate (containing factors IX, X, VII, and II).

2. DDAVP is a synthetic substance similar to antidiuretic hormone. It has antidiuretic and mobilizing storage factor VIII effects. It is mainly used for patients with mild hemophilia A. Clinically, 0.3-0.5 μg/kg is added to 20-30 mL of normal saline and injected intravenously. A high concentration of 1 μg/kg can also be used as nasal drops, once every 12 hours.

3. Antifibrinolytic agents can protect the formed blood clots from dissolving and can be used to stop bleeding in oral wounds and tooth extraction. Antifibrinolytic agents are often used in combination with complementary therapies. Commonly used 6-aminocaproic acid 4-6g 4 times a day, with a total daily amount of 20-25g, is used until 72-96 hours after tooth extraction. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PAM BA) can also be added to glucose solution at 100-200 mg each time for intravenous push or drip. Tranexamic acid. Attention should be paid to the risk of hematuria and the formation of small blood clots in the urethra, which may cause urinary tract obstruction.