What is glans angioedema?

Angioedema of the glans is common in infants and has many causes. If the foreskin is too long or incarcerated, such symptoms may occur. In addition, if it is caused by allergic reasons, symptoms of angioedema are also likely to occur, which is a bit similar to urticaria. At this time, you should take some anti-allergic drugs and keep your private parts clean in your life.

Causes

Acquired angioedema, often associated with other hereditary allergic diseases. Its onset is similar to that of urticaria and can be caused by drugs, food, inhalants and physical factors. About 15% of patients have a deficiency of serum α2 globulin inhibitor of C1 cholesterase, or a normal level of serum α2 globulin inhibitor but a deficiency of its function.

Due to factors such as trauma, strenuous exercise or emotional excitement, C1 is overactivated, which in turn activates C4 and C2 and releases kinins. With the participation of plasmin, kinin can increase vascular permeability and cause mast cells to release histamine, resulting in vascular edema. During the attack, C4 and C2 are both reduced, and during the resting period, C4 is reduced. The C1 level in this disease is normal, which can be distinguished from acquired angioedema.

Angioedema is characterized by nonpitting, erythematous swelling of soft tissues and may be inherited or acquired. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the C1 inhibitor gene.

This defective gene fails to produce adequate levels of C1 inhibitor in the plasma, resulting in autoactivation of C1 and depletion of C2 and C4. It is divided into type I (low production of C1 inhibitor) and type II (C1 inhibitor function is defective but plasma levels are normal) (1,2). Acquired angioedema may be a manifestation of urticaria, and the most recent drug is angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.

Treatment of acquired angioedema

Similar to general urticaria, hereditary angioedema can be treated with danazol or stanozolol to increase CIINH synthesis and reduce the effect of plasmin on C2, thereby alleviating symptoms. You can also try aminocaproic acid or tranexamic acid to inhibit the activity of plasminogen.

In addition to symptomatic treatment before surgery and during acute attacks, some people use fresh plasma transfusion to supplement C1 esterase inhibitor, but fresh plasma may also contain complement components that may cause symptom recurrence in some patients. If laryngeal edema occurs, endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy should be prepared. Antihistamines are generally not very effective.