Aortic dissection

The scientific name for rupture of the aortic dissection is aortic dissection tear. Aortic dissection mainly refers to the tearing of the middle elastic layer of the human aorta under the influence of various factors. After the disease occurs, the patient will feel severe pain, and some serious consequences such as lower limb paresis or paraplegia may also occur. Let’s take a closer look at the situation of aortic dissection.

Introduction The aortic intima is torn, and blood flows into the aortic wall through the tear, causing the middle layer to peel off from the adventitia. Aortic dissection has a high mortality rate. The blood column forms a false lumen in the aortic wall. It usually extends distally from the tear, but less often proximally. Dissection tears occur in the middle muscular layer and can rupture through the adventitia or back to the intima. The false lumen can re-enter the true aortic lumen at any part of the aorta. Dissection tear disrupts the blood supply to the aorta and causes aortic valve insufficiency. Aortic rupture usually into the pericardial space or left pleural space, which can rapidly lead to death. Dissections can originate anywhere in the aorta, but the most common sites are the proximal ascending aorta, within 5 cm of the aortic valve, and below the opening of the left subclavian artery in the thoracic descending aorta. It is rare for dissection to be confined to individual arteries such as the coronary and carotid arteries.