Cystadenoma of pancreatic tail

Pancreatic tail cystadenoma is a pancreatic cystadenoma. The incidence rate is not very high. It is characterized by a slow onset, a long history of illness, and a chance of malignant transformation. After the onset of pancreatic tail cystadenoma, there will be weight loss, jaundice, gastrointestinal bleeding and gastrointestinal symptoms, and it is also prone to complications. It is important to receive timely treatment after the onset of the disease.

The cause is still unclear, but it may be: ① invasion by ectopic digestive tract primordial cells or distorted Brunner glands in the duodenum; ② originating from acinar cells in the glandular duct; ③ originating from the pancreatic duct epithelium; ④ residual fetal tissue. Cystadenocarcinoma may be caused by the malignant transformation of mucinous cystadenoma. Pancreatic cystadenoma is pathologically classified into serous cystadenoma and mucinous cystadenoma. Serous cystadenoma is a common cystic tumor.

Clinical manifestations 1. Abdominal pain Abdominal pain is an early symptom and may be dull pain, bloating, or stuffy discomfort. As the tumor grows larger, it may compress the stomach, duodenum, transverse colon, etc., causing them to shift and causing symptoms of incomplete gastrointestinal obstruction. In addition to abdominal pain, it may also be accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, and weight loss. 2. Abdominal mass Abdominal mass is the main sign. The lumps are mostly located in the middle of the upper abdomen or the left upper abdomen. Small ones can only be touched, while large ones can occupy the entire abdominal cavity. They are round or oval in shape and tough in texture. Huge lumps feel cystic to the touch but are not tender. A small number of cystic tumors located in the head of the pancreas can cause jaundice due to compression of the common bile duct by the cyst. When the tumor compresses the splenic vein or invades the splenic vein, it may cause thrombosis, resulting in enlargement of the spleen and varicose veins of the gastric fundus and lower esophagus, and even vomiting of blood.

Complications 1. Intracystic hemorrhage and infection When the cystic tumor has intracystic hemorrhage, necrosis and infection, the tumor may suddenly increase in size, abdominal pain may worsen, and fever may occur. 2. Acute pancreatitis or diabetic tumors compress or invade the main pancreatic duct, resulting in poor drainage of pancreatic juice, and the patient may experience an attack of acute pancreatitis; tumor destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma can lead to endocrine dysfunction, and the patient may develop diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. 3. The patient may have gallstones. Treatment Surgery is the only treatment for pancreatic cystic tumors. Cystadenomas often have intact capsules and are more common in the body and tail of the pancreas. Small cystadenomas can be removed; most patients require a pancreatic body and tail resection including the spleen. Cystic tumors of the pancreatic head can be treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy.

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