What causes bruising of the skin?

Many people will find that purple bruises appear on their skin surface for no apparent reason. This may be because a person accidentally hits a certain part of the body. The subcutaneous tissue is destroyed, resulting in subcutaneous bleeding. Of course, another possibility is that this is a symptom of cyanosis. Let us now take a closer look at what exactly is going on with cyanosis of the skin.

Purple spots appear on the body due to bleeding in the skin and mucous membranes. Those that are 3 to 5 mm in size are called purpura, while those larger than 5 mm are called ecchymosis. There are three causes of skin and mucous membrane bleeding, namely vascular disease, platelet disease, and hemorrhage.

1. Vascular disease:

1. Simple purpura - mild purpura seen in healthy people, especially common in women, mainly isolated purpura on the lower limbs. The condition may worsen during menstruation. The vascular fragility test is positive, there is no mucosal bleeding, and the platelet and blood function are normal. No treatment is usually required.

2. Allergic purpura - a capillary allergic disease. Purpura recurs, mostly on the lower limbs and buttocks, with symmetrical distribution and appearing in batches. Purpura is higher than the skin and has a mild itchy sensation, often accompanied by allergic rash, joint pain or abdominal pain.

2. Platelet lesions:

1. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura - chronic type is common, mostly affects women, with slow onset and repeated attacks. Examination shows thrombocytopenia and prolonged bleeding time.

2. Secondary thrombocytopenic purpura - the most common one is drug-induced purpura: Common drugs that can cause purpura include: sulfonamides, chlorothiazide, rifampicin, aspirin, etc. Infectious purpura: such as thrombocytopenic purpura caused by diseases such as viral hepatitis, typhoid fever, and rubella. Others include blood diseases, hypersplenism, etc.

3. Abnormal platelet function: such as thrombasthenia, etc.

3. Suspected blood disorder:

Seen in suspected blood factor deficiency, such as hemophilia.

After purpura occurs, relevant examinations of blood vessels, platelets and blood should be performed. After the cause is determined, active treatment should be given to the cause.