Thrombocytopenia Subcutaneous hemorrhage

Subcutaneous bleeding due to thrombocytopenia is a typical manifestation of thrombocytopenia. In addition to skin bleeding, there will also be gingival bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and urinary tract bleeding. The causes of thrombocytopenia are different, and the treatment methods are also different. It is best to treat the disease according to the cause, so as to achieve the best effect and solve the problem of subcutaneous bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia.

Causes 1. Decreased platelet production (1) Hereditary conditions such as Fanconi anemia, congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and May-Hegglin anomaly. (2) Acquired aplastic anemia, bone marrow infiltration (malignant tumor bone marrow metastasis, leukemia, myelofibrosis, tuberculosis), chemotherapy drugs, radiation, megakaryocytic aplasia, viral infection (measles, mumps), drugs that affect platelet production (such as alcohol), vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency. 2. Increased platelet destruction caused by non-immune factors, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, pregnancy, infection, hemangioma-thrombocytopenia syndrome, snake bites, acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe burns, etc. 3. Increased platelet destruction caused by immune factors: immune thrombocytopenic purpura, HIV infection, cyclical thrombocytopenia, drug-induced thrombocytopenia (heparin, quinine, quinidine, antipyretic analgesics, penicillin, cephalosporin antibiotics, rifampicin, furosemide, carbamazepine, sodium valproate, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs and phenytoin sodium, etc.), and post-transfusion thrombocytopenia. 4. Abnormal platelet distribution, hypersplenism, and hypothermia. 5. Platelet loss bleeding, extracorporeal perfusion, and hemodialysis. 6. Other pseudothrombocytopenia.

Clinical manifestations 1. Skin bleeding, petechiae, purpura, and ecchymosis. 2. Bleeding gums Bleeding gums are common in normal people and those with dental diseases. Therefore, repeated gingival bleeding or difficulty in stopping bleeding often indicates bleeding diseases such as thrombocytopenia. 3. Blood blisters on oral mucosa. 4. Nosebleeds may occur occasionally in normal people, but nosebleeds combined with other bleeding symptoms often indicate bleeding diseases. 5. Joint bleeding, muscle and deep tissue hematoma. Simple thrombocytopenia causing joint and muscle bleeding is rare.

6. Gastrointestinal bleeding may manifest as vomiting blood, blood in the stool, black stool, etc. 7. Urinary tract bleeding may manifest as microscopic hematuria or macroscopic hematuria. 8. Excessive menstrual bleeding. 9. Retinal hemorrhage. 10. Central nervous system bleeding occurs less frequently but is a common cause of death in patients with bleeding disorders such as thrombocytopenia. 11. Bleeding after tooth extraction or surgery. 12. The wound bleeding time is prolonged.

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