Hemorrhagic shock grading

We have all seen fainting. Fainting is just a colloquial expression. In medicine, we call fainting shock. There are many reasons that lead to shock. For example, the weather is too hot in the summer. Some people cannot stand the heat and suffer from heatstroke, which will cause shock. People with poor physical fitness and excessive exercise will also suffer from short-term shock. There is also hemorrhagic shock, which is more serious than the previous two and is also classified. How is hemorrhagic shock graded?

In case of hemorrhagic shock, the first thing to do is to ensure that the airway is open and bleeding is stopped. In terms of procedures, the first thing to do is to ensure that the airway is open and bleeding is effective. Two intravenous lines should be established as soon as possible. Large amounts of rapid fluid infusion should be given immediately after the infusion line is established. For severe shock, 1 to 2 L of isotonic balanced salt solution should be rapidly transfused, preferably followed by cross-matched blood. To save lives, red blood cells of the same type or type O can be transfused.

Shock is a syndrome in which the body is attacked by strong pathogenic factors, resulting in a sharp drop in effective circulating blood volume, widespread, continuous and significant reduction in tissue blood perfusion, poor systemic microcirculation function and serious disorders of important organs. At this time, the body's functions lose compensation, tissues are ischemic and hypoxic, and neuro-humoral factors are out of balance.

Its main characteristics are: insufficient microcirculatory perfusion in important organ tissues, metabolic disorders and functional disorders of various systems throughout the body. In short, shock is the body's response to a decrease in effective circulating blood volume. It is a pathological process of metabolic and cellular damage caused by insufficient tissue perfusion. A variety of neurohumoral factors are involved in the occurrence and development of shock.

The so-called effective circulating blood volume refers to the amount of blood circulating through the cardiovascular system per unit time. Effective circulating blood volume depends on three factors: adequate blood volume, effective cardiac output and perfect peripheral vascular tension. When the change of any one of these factors exceeds the compensation limit of the human body, it can lead to a sharp drop in effective circulating blood volume, causing insufficient oxygenated blood perfusion to tissues and organs throughout the body and cellular hypoxia, resulting in shock. In the occurrence and development of shock, the above three factors are often involved and influence each other.

Causes

1. Hypovolemic shock

Hypovolemic shock is a deficiency of intravascular volume, which causes insufficient ventricular filling and reduced cardiac volume. If increasing the heart rate still cannot compensate, it can lead to a decrease in cardiac output.

(1) Hemorrhagic shock refers to a syndrome in which massive blood loss leads to a rapid decrease in effective circulating blood volume, causing peripheral circulatory failure. Generally, the body can compensate when blood loss is less than 10% of the total blood volume within 15 minutes. If the rapid blood loss exceeds about 20% of the total blood volume, shock can occur.

(2) Burn shock Large-area burns, accompanied by massive loss of plasma, can cause burn shock. Shock is associated with pain and hypovolemia in the early stages, and may be followed by infection in the late stages, developing into septic shock.

(3) Traumatic shock: This type of shock is associated with pain and blood loss.