Common diseases in spine surgery

Spinal neurosurgery is a branch of neurosurgery, which includes nerve centers, peripheral nerves and autonomic nervous system. It has many common diseases, such as degenerative lesions, including lumbar disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, spinal trauma, spinal canal tumors, etc. These are all common diseases in spinal surgery. Let us learn about this aspect.

Common diseases in spine surgery

Mainly include: 1. Degenerative diseases of the spine, such as cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, etc. These most common diseases account for more than 80% of various spinal surgeries; 2. Spinal and spinal cord trauma; 3. Spinal canal tumors; 4. Spinal deformity.

Development History

Spinal neurosurgery began in the early 20th century. In 1905, Cushing reported the first intramedullary tumor resection; in 1909, Openheim reported a L5/S1 discectomy. Subsequently, various surgical treatments for spinal and spinal cord diseases and various approaches were reported one after another, and spinal neurosurgery was gradually carried out.

In the early days, due to the backwardness of imaging technology, surgical instruments, lighting equipment, and the lack of understanding of spinal stability by neurosurgeons, the accuracy of diagnosis of spinal and spinal cord diseases in clinical work was poor, the surgical treatment effect was not good, and complications such as spinal cord injury and iatrogenic spinal deformity often occurred after surgery.

In 1973, Hounsfield invented CT, which was the first major leap in the history of spinal neurosurgery. In 1977, the application of MRI in the neurological field became the second leap in spinal neurosurgery. It can be said that the emergence of CT and MRI has brought milestone development to spinal neurosurgery. The "three-column theory of the spine" proposed by Denis in 1983 has become the mechanical basis guiding spinal neurosurgery.

On this theoretical basis, with the development and combination of engineering and materials science, and the innovation of surgical instruments, new materials, new technologies and new methods have continued to emerge and be applied in clinical practice. Spinal neurosurgery has achieved rapid development, especially in the past 10 years, the development of spinal neurosurgery has been changing with each passing day, and the speed is amazing.