How to lose weight due to hyperthyroidism

How to lose weight if you are fat due to hyperthyroidism? Hyperthyroidism usually causes weight loss. If you gain weight, you need to see if your thyroid hormone levels are changing correctly. Hyperthyroidism requires active attention and treatment. Do not delay and combine hormone levels, adjust drug treatment, do not delay and be blind, visit the endocrinology department as soon as possible. If it is serious, it is recommended to go to the hospital for relevant examinations.

(1) Hyperfunctioning nodular goiter or adenoma. In the past, it was believed that this disease was not an autoimmune disease because no immune evidence such as IgG, TSI, and IATS was detected in the blood. In 1988, the country reported that serum thyroglobulin antibodies and microsomal antibodies were detected in single nodules, with a positive rate of 16.9% (62/383) and a positive rate of 54.7% (104/190) in multiple nodules. The proliferating thyroid tissue in these nodules was not regulated by TSI and became autonomous hyperfunctioning or hyperfunctional thyroid nodules or adenomas. It is currently believed that the onset of thyroid adenoma and carcinoma is also due to tumor genes.

(2) Pituitary tumors increase TSH secretion, causing pituitary hyperthyroidism, such as hyperthyroidism associated with TSH-secreting tumors or acromegaly.

(3) Subacute thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, painless thyroiditis, etc. may all be associated with hyperthyroidism.

(4) Increased exogenous iodine causes hyperthyroidism, which is called iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. If a patient with goiter takes too much iodine, too much thyroid tablets or too much levothyroxine sodium (L-T4), it may cause hyperthyroidism. In a small number of patients, taking amiodarone may also cause hyperthyroidism.

(5) Ectopic endocrine tumors can cause hyperthyroidism, such as ovarian tumors, choriocarcinoma, digestive system tumors, respiratory system tumors and breast cancer, which secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone and can cause clinical hyperthyroidism.

(6) Albright syndrome is clinically manifested as multiple fibrous dysplasia, skin pigmentation, elevated AKP in the blood, and may be accompanied by hyperthyroidism.

(7) Familial hyperglobulinemia (TBG) can cause hyperthyroidism. This disease may be caused by familial genetic defects or be related to medication.

Pathogenesis

The thyroid gland of Graves' disease is diffusely enlarged, which may be symmetrical or asymmetrical. It has a complete capsule, a smooth surface, abundant blood flow, and proliferative follicles and follicular epithelial cells, which change from cubic to columnar. Interstitial lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrate. The liver, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes proliferate and swell, and the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood increases. This reflects the pathological basis of autoimmunity. Under the electron microscope, the number of microvilli of thyroid follicular epithelial cells increases, the number of glial droplets increases, the Golgi apparatus is hypertrophic, the number of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria increases, the number of lysosomes increases, and the thyroid gland is functionally active.

In hyperthyroidism, multiple organs of the body are affected, with fatty degeneration, edema, disappearance of stripes, vacuolar degeneration, degeneration of cell nuclei, myocardial degeneration, necrosis of muscle cells, infiltration of mononuclear cells, mucopolysaccharide deposition, proptosis, edema and hypertrophy of extraocular muscles, fatty degeneration of muscle cells, infiltration of lymphocytes, mucopolysaccharide deposition, and edema or atrophy of the optic nerve. Symmetrical thickening of the skin, subcutaneous edema, swelling, lysis and separation of collagen fibers, enhanced mucopolysaccharide staining of the extracellular fluid, and an increase in mononuclear cells, which often occur in the anterior tibia and lower limbs, enlarged liver, fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, decreased liver glycogen, and endocrine glands involved. Gonads and adrenal glands may become functionally impaired in severe patients. Osteoporosis and bone decalcification are common, osteoclast activity is enhanced, and bone absorption is greater than bone formation. In severe cases, bone deformities and pathological fractures may also occur, which are rare in young and middle-aged people but more common in elderly women.