Functional Neurosurgery

Functional neurosurgery, as the name suggests, mainly deals with functional diseases of the nervous system. For example, common brain diseases include brain tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, and functional encephalopathy. These are mainly primary diseases with obvious symptoms. Many patients are also caused by genetic factors. The brain is an important organ of the human body, so protecting cerebral blood vessels has become a top priority. Functional neurosurgery generally manifests itself as pain in the brain or compression pain of various organs caused by the nervous system.

In the treatment and diagnosis of functional neurosurgery, the main focus is on the nerves, neural pathways and neuron groups, so as to perform some surgical operations or treat with drugs. The main lesions it produces are still many brain diseases, so in daily life we ​​must also pay attention to the brain diseases caused by functional neurosurgery.

1. Movement disorders: formerly known as extrapyramidal diseases, are a group of diseases caused by lesions in the basal ganglia with movement dysfunction as the main clinical feature. Parkinson's disease is a typical example and has been discussed extensively in previous reports. In addition, it also includes essential tremor, dystonia, chorea and Tourette syndrome. From the perspective of affecting motor function, cerebral palsy can also be classified into this category. 2. Epilepsy: Seizures are the main clinical feature of epilepsy. The symptoms during an attack widely affect the mental, motor, sensory and autonomic nervous systems, and the period between attacks may be completely normal. Depending on the anatomical location of the epileptogenic focus, it can be divided into temporal lobe epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy, parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy and some epilepsy syndromes. 3. Pain: It is often a symptom of a disease, and some can also be called a disease alone. Surgery is used to treat chronic, intractable pain. Typical symptoms include herpes zoster neuralgia, phantom limb pain, amputation pain, thalamic pain, pelvic pain, abdominal pain, chest pain, low back pain, trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, etc. Low-back pain is a common clinical symptom. As pain in a specific part of the body caused by multiple causes, clinicians and researchers often classify it as an independent category. The most common cause is compression of the spinal nerves by intervertebral disc herniation. Hemifacial spasm is an exception. Except for a few patients with hemifacial spasm accompanied by trigeminal neuralgia, it should not be included in the category of pain. However, since microvascular decompression surgery is effective, just like the treatment of trigeminal nerve, it is often discussed together. 4. Mental disorders: The history of surgical treatment of mental illness can be traced back hundreds of years, and a lot of efforts have been put into the treatment of schizophrenia. The emergence of chlorpromazine has caused people to abandon this surgery with a high disability rate. In recent years, although advances in surgical technology have reduced the threat of serious complications, data show that the surgical effect of schizophrenia is extremely limited. The more certain surgical indications are anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression.

The above is the classification of functional neurosurgery, which is mainly divided into movement disorders, also known as extrapyramidal diseases, muscle tension disorders and Tourette syndrome, which affect movement. The most common ones are diseases such as cerebral palsy, and epilepsy is also the main clinical feature of this type of symptoms. It is mainly psychomotor and sensory lesions, and some cases of epilepsy. Pain is a common symptom of this disease. It can lead to lesions of the depressive nervous system, and it can cause specific unlocalized pain accompanied by organic pain.