Blocking antibody positive

Blocking antibodies are mainly a type of antibodies produced in the body. They bind through the surface antigens of those membranes. At the same time, they can bind through soluble antigens and some cell receptors of early tissues. They also have some biological effects of antigens. During pregnancy, the antibodies produced by those antigens mainly play a protective role for the fetus. The production of positive blocking antibodies is mainly a normal phenomenon.

At the same time, it is mainly unnecessary to carry out drug treatment and examination, but let the normal procedures for blocking antibody positive in life. The antibodies produced in the blood of pregnant women also directly act on the embryo and release the verification code for pregnant women, but it does indirect damage to my wife.

Antiphospholipid antibody (APLA) is a type of IgG antibody produced by stimulating the maternal immune system by human leukocyte antigen (HLA), trophoblast and lymphocyte cross-reactive antigen (TLX), etc. Studies have shown that APLA in the blood of pregnant women can exhibit the following effects: (1) APLA neutralizes allogeneic antigens without causing the fetus to be rejected; (2) Antibodies directly act on cells with immune capabilities such as CTL cells, NK cells, etc.; (3) Directly bind to the antigens of target cells, thereby reducing their sensitivity to immune responses involving receptor cells. Previous studies have shown that recurrent spontaneous abortion is related to maternal APLA deficiency. The more miscarriages a patient has, the more likely they are to have APLA deficiency in their body. If APLA is not produced enough, the mother will strongly reject the fetus. In the early pregnancy, it may cause recurrent spontaneous abortion. In the late pregnancy, it may cause pregnancy-induced hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction, and even intrauterine fetal death. Therefore, it is very necessary to perform APLA testing on patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion.

HLA is a highly abnormal, tightly linked gene group located on the short arm of human chromosome 6. It is a type of antigen that exists on the surface of various tissues and nucleated cells and can cause strong rejection reactions. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) it encodes plays a central role in specific immunity. The classic HLA antigens are not expressed in the placenta, while HLA-G is specifically expressed in the cytotrophoblast layer outside the placenta. Couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions have a higher frequency of containing the same HLA antigens than normal couples. Too many shared antigens prevent the mother from recognizing the pregnant embryo as a foreign antigen and cannot stimulate the mother to produce enough APLA to maintain pregnancy. Due to the lack of antibody regulation, the maternal immune system produces an immune attack on the embryo, leading to miscarriage. Due to the genetic polymorphism of HLA genes, the compatibility probability of HLA antigen molecules on the cell membrane surface between individuals is very low, which constitutes alloimmunity. In a normal pregnancy, the HLA antigens of the couple are incompatible. The paternal HLA antigens carried by the embryo (on the surface of trophoblast cells) can stimulate the maternal immune system and produce APLA, that is, specific IgG antibodies (APLA) against the spouse's lymphocytes, which can inhibit mixed lymphocyte reactions and bind to the HLA antigens on the surface of trophoblast cells, covering the HLA antigens from the father, thereby blocking the cytotoxic effect of maternal lymphocytes on trophoblast cells and protecting the embryo or fetus from rejection.

The above is the positive blocking antibody. In life, the positive blocking antibody is mainly a normal procedure. The antibodies produced in the blood of pregnant women also directly act on the embryo while releasing the verification code, but it indirectly damages the wife. Therefore, the examination is also very critical. Is the blocking antibody positive? You must go to the hospital for examination in time.