What are antibiotics?

Antibiotics are mainly antibacterial drugs that mainly inhibit the growth of bacteria and kill bacteria. They can be used in daily life, but they are not the same concept as antibacterial antibiotics. Antibiotics are mainly a type of antibacterial drug, which mainly include penicillins and some tetracycline antibiotics, as well as some antifungal drugs. Let us introduce what antibiotics are.

So it is mainly a kind of artificially synthesized drug produced by bacteria, mold or other microorganisms. It is mainly used to treat various types of bacterial infections and infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is quite common in daily life. he

Antibiotics are mainly secondary metabolites produced by bacteria, fungi or other microorganisms, or artificially synthesized analogues. After the 1990s, scientists expanded the scope of antibiotics and collectively referred to them as biopharmaceuticals. It is mainly used to treat various bacterial infections or pathogenic microbial infections, and generally does not cause serious side effects to its host. On October 18, 2011, the Chinese Ministry of Health stated that in China, the antibiotic usage rate among patients reached 70%, which is twice that of European and American countries, but less than 20% of them actually needed to be used. Prophylactic use of antibiotics is a typical misuse of antibiotics.

1. Hinder the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, causing bacteria to swell, rupture and die in a low osmotic pressure environment. Mammalian cells do not have cell walls and are not affected by these drugs.

2. Interact with bacterial cell membranes, enhance the permeability of bacterial cell membranes, open ion channels on the membranes, and allow useful substances inside the bacteria to leak out of the bacteria or cause electrolyte imbalance and death.

3. Interact with bacterial ribosomes or their reaction substrates (such as tRNA, mRNA), inhibiting protein synthesis - this means that structural proteins and enzymes necessary for cell survival cannot be synthesized.

4. Hinder the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA. Hindering DNA replication will lead to the obstruction of bacterial cell division and reproduction, and hindering the transcription of DNA into mRNA will lead to the obstruction of the subsequent process of mRNA translation and protein synthesis.

The above is an introduction to antibiotics. Their main effects are also relatively common. They act directly on the body's cells and are selective. The effective concentration is also very good. They are used to treat various types of bacterial infections and infections by pathogenic microorganisms. They are mainly used in medical aspects and to fight against some pathogenic bacteria in the human body or cells. They also have immunosuppressive effects. .