Neurologic examination

I believe many people will not feel unfamiliar with physical examinations. Yes, basically we will undergo physical examinations every year, such as physical examinations, routine blood tests, routine urine tests, etc. These examinations are mainly to check the basic condition of our body to check if we have any major diseases. Of course, there are many other clinical examinations, such as neurological examinations, oncofetal protein examinations, etc., which are mainly carried out based on the specific conditions of the patients.

Some people may think that neurological examination sounds like an examination for mental patients. In fact, this idea is wrong. Neurological examination is just a test for doctors to judge the patient's state of consciousness. Some people may not understand it. Let's take a brief look at it below.

The purpose of neurological examination is to determine whether the nervous system is damaged and the location and extent of the damage, that is, to solve the "localization" diagnosis of the lesion. The examination should be carried out in a certain order and in combination with a general physical examination. Usually the cranial nerves are checked first, including their motor, sensory, reflex and autonomic functions; then the motor systems and reflexes of the upper and lower limbs are checked in turn, and finally the sensory and autonomic nervous systems are checked. The examination should also be focused based on the medical history and initial observations, which is especially important when examining critically ill patients. In addition, functional disorders of the cerebral cortex, such as consciousness, aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia, also fall within the scope of neurological examination.

Normal values ​​for neurological examination:

1. A normal person is conscious and is not in a state of drowsiness, lethargy, coma, etc.

2. Normal vision, with monocular visual field of about 90° on the temporal side and about 50-70° on the nasal side and above and below.

3. The retina at the fundus appears orange-red, the optic nerve head is located on the side of the retina, it is round in shape, with clear edges and light red in color, and there is a lighter physiological depression in the center.

4. The size and shape of the papilla are normal, the edges are neat and without protrusions, and the central physiological depression has not expanded.

The above are the basic conditions and normal values ​​of neurological examination. We can see that it is actually very necessary for doctors to perform neurological examinations on patients. Although the examination method is very simple and does not require any special instruments, neurological examination is an important way to determine whether a patient has self-awareness.