What is simple nephrotic syndrome?

Kidneys, we know that they are very important. Even if you don’t care about your health, as long as you know about and like Apple phones, you will not be indifferent to this organ, because you can get this fashionable phone by selling a kidney, and you will have money left to buy other things. This is enough to see its importance. Well, if there is a problem with this organ, you will spend more money, so in our daily life we ​​must learn to prevent diseases related to it. Particular attention should be paid to primary renal disease.

There are many different types of pathology that can cause primary nephrotic syndrome, but the most common are:

(1) Minimal change nephropathy: more common in children, characterized by simple nephrotic syndrome without hematuria. Glucocorticoid treatment is effective, but some patients are prone to recurrent attacks and develop hormone-dependent and hormone-resistant types. The pathological features are that the glomerular lesions under light microscopy are extremely mild or even normal, and only the fusion of epithelial cell foot processes can be seen under electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence was negative.

(2) Mesangial proliferative nephritis: Clinically, the incidence of hematuria is high and may be accompanied by proteinuria. The main characteristics of its pathological changes are diffuse glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and varying degrees of increase in mesangial matrix. Under electron microscopy, immune complex deposition is often found in the diseased mesangial area. Immunofluorescence can be divided into IgA type and non-IgA type according to the presence or absence of IgA deposition.

(3) Membranous nephropathy: Clinical features include massive proteinuria, low plasma albumin, and a high incidence of vascular embolism. Some patients may show a tendency to self-heal, but severe patients require treatment with hormones + immunosuppressants. Pathological changes include highly uniform thickening of the glomerular capillary walls and electron microscopy showing a large amount of immune complex deposition on the epithelial cell side of the glomerular basement membrane. Immunofluorescence showed IgG and C3 deposition.

(4) Mesangial capillary nephritis: Clinically, it presents as nephrotic syndrome accompanied by hematuria, hypertension and renal function impairment. The pathological features are thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, proliferation of mesangial cells and increase of mesangial matrix, and "double-track" changes in the capillary basement membrane. Under the electron microscope, immune complexes were deposited under the epithelial cells of the capillary basement membrane, in the dense layer of the basement membrane, and under the endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence can show IgG, IgM, and C3 deposition.

(5) Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis: The main clinical manifestations are proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome. Some patients have refractory kidney disease, which may affect renal function. The pathological features are focal segmental sclerosis of the glomeruli, which may be accompanied by an increase in mesangial matrix. When the lesion progresses, it may lead to "glomerular sclerosis". Electron microscopic features show that in the early stage, segmental epithelial cells and their foot processes are detached from the basement membrane, and electron-dense deposits are present under the endothelial cells and in the mesangium.

Only by knowing yourself and your enemy can you fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat. Therefore, we must pay close attention to our physical health in our daily lives. Health is a wealth that can create hope and possibilities. As long as you persist and observe the things around you, your life will be full of infinite possibilities. Otherwise, even if you own the entire empire, you will not be able to enjoy it. Steve Jobs is the most obvious example.