The Six Evils are a general term for the six exogenous pathogenic factors: wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness, and heat (fire). Under normal circumstances, they are called the "Six Qi", which are six different climate changes in nature. They are the conditions for the growth of all things and are harmless to the human body. When climate changes are abnormal, the six qi occur excessively or insufficiently, or the qi appears at inappropriate times (such as spring is cold instead of warm, autumn is hot instead of cool, etc.), and when climate changes are too rapid (such as extreme heat or cold), the six qi can become pathogenic factors and invade the body to cause disease when the body's positive qi is insufficient and resistance is reduced. The six qi in this situation are called "six evils". "Lust" means excessiveness and immersion. Since the six lusts are unhealthy energy, they are also called the "six evils." The general characteristics of the six evils causing diseases are that they are mostly related to seasonal climate and living environment. For example, there are more wind diseases in spring, more heat diseases in summer, more damp diseases in the long summer and early autumn, more dryness diseases in late autumn, and more cold diseases in winter. In addition, people who live in wetlands for a long time often suffer from dampness, while people who work in high-temperature environments often suffer from dryness, heat or fire. The six evil spirits can invade the human body and cause illness alone, or two or more of them can invade the human body and cause illness at the same time. Such as colds, damp-heat diarrhea, etc. During the course of disease, the six evils can not only influence each other, but also transform into each other under certain conditions. For example, cold evil entering the body can turn into heat, and summer heat and dampness over a long period of time can turn into dryness and damage the yin. The six evils are diseases, and they are often transmitted by invading the skin surface, or entering through the mouth and nose, or both at the same time, so they are also called the "six external evils." 【One Wind】 Wind is the main air in spring, but when it is excessive or untimely, it can make people sick in all seasons. Moreover, external evils such as cold, dampness, dryness, summer heat and heat often attach themselves to wind and invade the human body. The nature and pathogenic characteristics of wind evil are as follows. 1. Wind is a yang evil, and its nature is to open and discharge. Wind evil is active and unrestrained, and has the characteristics of rising, upward and outward, and is a yang evil. It is also easy to invade the upper part of the human body (such as the head and face) and the skin surface. Exogenous wind evil can cause the skin and sweat pores to open, resulting in symptoms such as sweating and aversion to wind. Since wind is light and can reach everywhere, symptoms of wind disease can appear in any part of the body. 2. The symptoms of wind evil are often changed. Wind evil causes disease, with rapid onset and changes, and the location of the disease wandering. For example, the rash of urticaria is wandering and comes and goes; the pain in the joints and muscles of the limbs of rheumatism is migratory. Therefore, it is said in Suwen: Wind Theory: "Wind is good at moving and changing frequently." 3. Wind is the root of all diseases. Wind evil is the primary pathogenic factor of the six evils. All cold, dampness, dryness and heat evils often attach themselves to wind and invade the human body. That is, wind evil is often the forerunner of other exogenous evils causing disease. 【Second Cold】 Cold is the main air in winter, but can also be seen in other seasons. When the external cold evil injures the skin surface, it is called "typhoid fever"; when it directly affects the internal organs, it is called "cold". The nature and pathogenic characteristics of cold evil are as follows. 1. Cold is a yin evil that can easily damage yang energy. Cold is a manifestation of excessive Yin energy. “When Yin prevails, there is cold” and “When Yin prevails, there is Yang disease”. When Yang Qi is damaged by the cold evil and loses its warming and qi-transforming functions, a mixed syndrome of deficiency and excess with both excessive cold and damaged Yang will appear. If the cold evil directly attacks the spleen and stomach, symptoms such as vomiting of clear water, diarrhea, abdominal pain and preference for warmth will appear. 2. Coldness causes stagnation. The circulation of Qi, blood and body fluids in the human body depends entirely on the warmth and promotion of the body's Yang Qi. When Yin and cold evils are prevalent, Yang Qi is damaged, the circulation of Qi and blood in the meridians is blocked, and they stagnate and become blocked. Blockage causes pain, so pain is often seen when people are harmed by cold evils. 3. Cold causes contraction. Contraction and traction refer to the intrusion of cold evil into the human body, which can cause the Qi to contract and the pores, meridians, tendons and veins to contract and become tense. If you get cold in winter, your whole body will curl up, and your hands and feet will not only be painful but also difficult to flex and extend; the cold evil invades the skin surface, the pores and skin are blocked, and the Wei Yang is depressed and cannot be vented, which may cause chills, fever, and no sweating; the cold invades the blood vessels, causing blood vessels to contract, which may cause headaches and body pains and tight pulses. 【Three Heats】 Heat is the main air of summer. Summer heat can cause illness with obvious seasonality, mainly occurring after the summer solstice and before the beginning of autumn. The nature and pathogenic characteristics of summer heat are as follows. 1. Heat is a yang evil, and its nature is hot. Heat is caused by the hot air of summer. When people are affected by heat, they often experience symptoms such as fever, sweating, irritability, thirst for cold drinks, and rapid pulse. 2. Heat has the nature of rising and dispersing, damaging body fluids and consuming energy. Heat is a yang evil, and yang rises, so heat evil is easy to rise and dissipate. When it invades the human body, it can cause the pores to open and excessive sweating. Excessive sweating can easily damage body fluids, which can cause thirst and a desire to drink. Profuse sweating often causes the loss of qi along with body fluids, leading to qi deficiency. 3. Summer heat is often accompanied by humidity. The climate in summer is hot, rainy and humid, and the heat and moisture move, and the humidity in the air is relatively high. Therefore, the heat evil is a problem, and it is often accompanied by dampness, forming a mixed syndrome of heat and dampness. The clinical manifestations include mild fever, thirst, heaviness and fatigue, chest tightness, nausea, diarrhea, and yellow and greasy tongue coating. 【Four Wetnesses】 Humidity is the main qi of the long summer. Since dampness is the air of water and moisture, it is called a tangible evil. A humid climate, wading through water or living in a wetland for a long time can all cause dampness to cause illness, so it can occur in all seasons. The nature and pathogenic characteristics of dampness are as follows. 1. Moisture tends to flow downward. Wetness is similar to water, and the nature of water is to go downwards, so wetness has the property of tending downwards. Therefore, the lower body of the human body is easily affected by dampness and becomes ill, or the symptoms of dampness are mostly seen in the lower body, such as edema, sores, joint and muscle pain in the lower limbs, or turbid urine, leucorrhea, diarrhea, dysentery, etc., which are mostly related to the influence of dampness. 2. Wet, heavy and turbid. Dampness has the characteristics of being heavy and dirty. The diseases it causes are often characterized by physical heaviness and discomfort, and dirty and unclean secretions and excretions. If dampness invades the exterior, it will make people feel heavy-headed, tired, sore in the limbs, and have a low fever. If the dampness stagnates in the meridians and flows into the joints, the joints will be sore, heavy, and difficult to move, and the pain will not go away. If the dampness flows to the lower part of the body, the urine will be turbid and difficult, the stool will be loose, or there will be blood and pus in the stool, and even women will have thick and fishy vaginal discharge. 3. Wet and sticky. Dampness has the characteristics of stickiness and stagnation. On the one hand, it can stick to the human body and be difficult to resolve, making the course of the disease lingering. On the other hand, dampness stays in the organs and meridians, blocking the Qi and making it unable to rise and fall, resulting in symptoms such as chest and abdominal distension, short and astringent urination, and loose and uncomfortable stools. Damage to Yang Qi over time, such as damage to Yang Qi by dampness, may lead to a mixed syndrome of excess and deficiency with both dampness excess and yang deficiency, with symptoms such as diarrhea, edema, and oliguria. 【Five Dryness】 Dryness is the main air in autumn. Dryness can be divided into two categories: warm and cool. In early autumn, it is still hot and it is easy to feel warm dryness; in late autumn, the weather is cool and it is easy to feel cool dryness. When warm and dry diseases are caused, symptoms of heat are obvious; when cool and dry diseases are caused, symptoms of cold are obvious. The nature and pathogenic characteristics of dryness are as follows. 1. It is dry and astringent and can easily damage body fluids. Dryness is a pathogenic factor that causes dryness. When it causes disease, it often damages body fluids and manifests itself in a series of dryness symptoms, such as dry mouth and nose, dry throat and thirst, dry eyes, dry and cracked skin, etc. 2. Dryness can easily damage the lungs. The lungs are a delicate organ that likes moisture and hates dryness. Dryness can harm the body, and the lungs are most likely to be damaged through the mouth and nose. Dryness is particularly likely to damage the lung yin. In addition to dryness of the nasopharynx, symptoms such as dry cough with little sputum, sticky sputum that is difficult to cough up, or blood in the sputum may also occur. Six Heats (Fire) Heat (fire) pathogens generally do not have a specific seasonal pattern when causing disease, but are more common in spring and summer. Fire and heat are caused by the excess of Yang, and are the same as warm and heat. Heat is a gradual progression of warmth, and fire is the extreme of heat. The nature and pathogenic characteristics of heat (fire) evil are as follows. 1. Heat is a yang evil, and its nature is inflammatory. Fire and heat belong to Yang, and Yang is dry and upward, so fire and heat can harm people. In addition to the symptoms of heat, the evil fire and heat can also disturb the mind, causing symptoms such as restlessness, insomnia, mania, coma and delirium. 2. Heat can easily consume Qi and damage body fluids. The evil of fire and heat can easily consume the body's positive energy, and is most likely to force the body's body fluids to leak out, consuming yin fluids and causing the body's yin fluid deficiency, which is often accompanied by symptoms of yin damage such as thirst, frequent drinking, dry throat and dry lips. 3. Heat can easily cause wind and move blood. When pathogenic heat invades the human body, it often burns the liver meridian, depletes yin fluid, causes the tendons and veins to lose nourishment, and causes internal liver wind, which manifests as high fever, coma, delirium, convulsions of the limbs, upward looking eyes, opisthotonos, etc. At the same time, the evil fire and heat can accelerate blood circulation, burn the blood vessels, and cause various bleeding, such as vomiting blood, epistaxis, blood in the stool, hematuria, skin spots, etc. 4. Heat can easily cause swelling and ulcers. Fire-heat evil enters the blood and may gather locally, corroding the flesh and blood and causing carbuncles, ulcers and sores. Its clinical manifestations are characterized by local redness, heat, swelling and pain. |
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