Which department should I go to for hernia? What are the symptoms of a hernia?

Four common types of hernia

1. Umbilical hernia in children

Pathogenesis: Umbilical hernia in children is a congenital hernia. The cause of the disease is incomplete development of the umbilicus and the umbilical ring is not closed; or after the baby's umbilical cord falls off, the umbilical scar tissue is weak. When the abdominal pressure increases suddenly due to baby's straining, crying, coughing or constipation, the internal organs may protrude from the navel and form an umbilical hernia.

Symptoms: A spherical or hemispherical reducible mass can be seen in the umbilicus. The mass disappears when the patient is at rest, but appears when the patient exerts force. Gentle pressure with the hand can return the hernia contents to the abdominal cavity, and a gurgling sound can be heard. The unclosed umbilical ring can also be felt.

2. Small Intestinal Hernia

Pathogenesis: Small intestinal hernia is mostly caused by congenital patent processus vaginalis, high lower edge of internal oblique muscle, poor healing of acquired surgical incisions, trauma, inflammation, infection and chronic diseases leading to increased intra-abdominal pressure.

Symptoms: There is a reducible mass in the groin area, which appears when the patient stands, walks, runs, or coughs violently. The mass can retract on its own when lying down or pressed with the hands. There is occasionally local distension and referred pain. As the disease progresses, the mass gradually increases in size, causing incarcerated hernia.

3. Inguinal hernia

Pathogenesis: Inguinal hernia refers to a hernia formed when the abdominal viscera protrude to the body surface through the defect in the groin. Inguinal hernia is divided into indirect hernia and direct hernia. Indirect hernia is more common in children and young men, while direct hernia is more common in elderly men.

Symptoms: Similar to those of small intestinal hernia

4. Incisional Hernia

Pathogenesis: Incisional hernia is a hernia that occurs at the site of surgical incision, which is generally seen after abdominal surgery, especially the longitudinal surgical incision area of ​​the abdomen. After the abdominal surgical incision heals, if there is a defect in the local tissue of the abdominal wall, the intra-abdominal organ tissue may protrude beyond the normal peritoneal parietal plane, which is called abdominal wall incisional hernia.

Symptoms: A lump appears at the abdominal wall incision. This lump is initially reversible, that is, the lump will appear when the patient stands or exercises, and the lump will automatically disappear when the patient rests. Abdominal incisional hernia will cause abdominal pain, bloating and other abdominal pain. In addition, larger incisional hernias will have a feeling of abdominal traction.

By department

Cardiology: various heart diseases, hypertension, arrhythmia, heart failure

Respiratory Medicine: respiratory tract infection, chronic lung or bronchial inflammation, lung or bronchial hemorrhage, pleurisy, lung tumor

Gastroenterology: peptic ulcer, gastritis, colitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, liver cirrhosis

Nephrology: nephritis, renal insufficiency, urinary tract infection

Neurology: cerebrovascular disease (vertigo/stroke), epilepsy, nervous system infection, muscle weakness

Endocrinology: diabetes, obesity, hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism, osteoporosis

Hematology: various blood system diseases, such as anemia, leukemia, etc.

Rheumatology: Polyarthritis, lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis, scleroderma, etc.

General Surgery: biliary tract diseases, liver masses, pancreatic diseases, intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal tumors, thyroid diseases, hernias, vascular diseases (deep vein thrombosis, etc.) and soft tissue infections.

So in summary, hernia should be referred to general surgery