How to recover from myopia? Myopia Treatment

Myopia is becoming more and more common among students. The common way to treat myopia is to wear glasses. This method is simple and has no impact on life and study. If the myopia is severe or it is felt necessary, surgical correction can be performed.

1. Wearing glasses

Place an appropriate concave lens in front of the eyes of the myopic eye. After the parallel light beams pass through, they are dispersed into the eye. The focus is therefore moved backward and falls directly on the retina, so clear distance vision can be obtained. The principle for selecting the degree of the concave lens for correcting myopia is to select the smallest degree among several concave lens pieces that can achieve normal vision (1.0-1.2) or the most satisfactory vision (i.e. the best vision when the correction is less than 1.0) as the correction degree for the eye.

There are two opposing viewpoints on the glasses correction of myopia: those who advocate the accommodation theory believe that glasses correction enhances the accommodation effect and may have a harmful effect on the development of myopia, so they emphasize not to wear glasses when working at close range, and to use low-degree concave lenses for partial correction as much as possible for distant vision; while those who advocate the convergence theory believe that the pressure of the extraocular muscles on the eyeball during convergence can lead to the occurrence or development of myopia, so they advocate that myopia should wear fully corrective glasses, and not only should they wear glasses when looking at distant objects, but also when reading, writing or working close to the eyes. The reason is that myopic people wearing fully corrective glasses can maintain a normal reading distance and reduce excessive convergence activities, thereby eliminating the causes of the occurrence and development of myopia.

To resolve the above controversy, the best way is to conduct an on-site investigation into the impact of wearing glasses on the development of myopia. The Shanghai Myopia Glasses Wearing Collaboration Group conducted a comparative observation of middle school students with and without glasses for a period of 14 to 25 months, and found that wearing glasses or not did not affect the development of myopia. The progression of myopia in those who wore glasses seemed to be slightly faster, but the difference with those who did not wear glasses was not statistically significant. Therefore, overall, it cannot be proved that wearing glasses can slow down the development of myopia, nor has it been found that wearing glasses will make myopia worse. The main function of wearing glasses should be to correct distance vision and facilitate work, study and life. As to whether wearing glasses may have different effects on the development of different types of myopia, it remains to be seen.

2. Surgical treatment

In recent years, surgical treatment of myopia has been widely used at home and abroad. There are many types of surgery, which can be divided into:

(1) Corneal surgery: including laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), laser resection of the cornea (PRK), radioactive keratotomy, and less commonly automated lamellar keratotomy, corneal ring placement, surface keratoplasty, and corneal lens surgery. This type of surgery is generally used for patients whose myopia has stopped. The surgery can correct myopic refractive errors by changing the curvature of the cornea, but it has no effect on the changes in the fundus and various complications of pathological myopia.

(2) Lens and intraocular lens surgery: There is a long history of performing transparent lens extraction to correct refractive errors in high myopia, but attention should be paid to the possibility of complications such as retinal detachment and macular cystoid edema after surgery. In recent years, phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation has been used with good results. Some people also place anterior chamber or posterior chamber intraocular lenses in front of the lens of high myopia with transparent lenses to correct refractive errors, and have achieved certain correction effects. This method has a strong ability to correct refractive errors. It may be more suitable for patients with high myopia of more than 12D and thin corneas that are difficult to correct with corneal refractive surgery. This type of surgery may have certain complications, and its exact effect and evaluation need further observation, and the indications should also be strictly controlled.

(3) Posterior scleral reinforcement: For progressive pathological myopia, the posterior sclera is reinforced by bypassing the posterior pole of the eyeball with broad fascia, allogenic scleral strips, dura mater or silicone sponge, hoping to prevent the progression of myopia and reduce the occurrence of fundus complications. There are reports both at home and abroad, especially in Russia and Eastern Europe. Because the operation will disturb the posterior tissue of the eyeball, it must be performed with caution and the indications must be strictly controlled. The surgeon should have good surgical skills and the ability to deal with complications.