Causes of severe hemoptysis due to pulmonary tuberculosis: Understand the causes and take preventive measures

Patients with massive hemoptysis may have blood in their sputum or cough up a large amount of blood, and the disease may recur for many years. The most common cause is pulmonary tuberculosis. Other causes of massive hemoptysis include lung cancer and bronchiectasis. Knowing these causes is necessary to prevent the occurrence of massive hemoptysis.

1. Tuberculosis (30%):

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can invade many organs, with the lungs being the most common target, forming pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients who excrete bacteria are an important source of infection.

2. Bronchiectasis (30%):

Bronchiectasis is characterized by irreversible anatomical abnormalities of local bronchi. It is caused by chronic suppurative inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchi and surrounding lung tissue, which destroys the muscle and elastic tissue of the bronchial wall, leading to bronchial deformation and persistent dilatation.

3. Lung cancer (30%)

Lung cancer occurs in the bronchial mucosal epithelium and is also called bronchial carcinoma. In the past 50 years, many countries have reported a significant increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Among male cancer patients, lung cancer has ranked first, and the incidence rate in women has also increased rapidly, ranking second or third among common malignant tumors in women. The cause of lung cancer is still not fully understood. However, a large amount of data indicates that long-term and heavy smoking is an important risk factor for lung cancer.

4. Pathogenesis: Massive hemoptysis is caused by inflammation of the bronchi and their surrounding tissues and bronchial obstruction, which leads to damage to the bronchial wall and dilation and deformation of the lumen, often accompanied by capillary dilation or anastomosis of the bronchial arteries and pulmonary artery collaterals, resulting in aneurysm rupture, and repeated massive hemoptysis may occur.