What is the treatment for multiple myeloma?

The incidence of multiple myeloma has been on the rise in recent years, so we must pay attention to this disease. Multiple myeloma is mainly caused by the appearance of tumor cells due to the proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. For more information on how to treat multiple myeloma, please refer to the following information.

General treatment

Health education: ①

Bone marrow puncture is one of the essential examinations for diagnosing this disease. It is harmless to the human body and can be performed on elderly patients; ② The development of this disease is not as fierce as acute leukemia, and the condition of most patients can be controlled through effective treatment; ③ The chemotherapy regimen used to treat this disease is relatively mild, and gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting are mild, which can be tolerated by most patients; ④ If the disease is not diagnosed and treated in time, it will develop into severe bone disease or even paraplegia or uremia, which will bring great pain and economic burden to patients and their families. Therefore, family members and patients should cooperate with medical staff for active treatment.

General treatment : ① Those without spinal osteolytic lesions can exercise appropriately, while those with spinal lesions should limit their activity to avoid compression fractures. ② Appropriate supplementation of protein (people with renal insufficiency should eat a low-protein, high-calorie diet), vitamins, electrolytes, etc. ③During chemotherapy and during the intervals, pay attention to gargling and cleaning the perineum to prevent oral infection, perineal infection and perianal abscess.

Radiation therapy

Mainly used for local radiotherapy of solitary and extramedullary plasmacytomas.

Immunotherapy

1. Interferon: α-interferon can improve the patient's complete remission rate of chemotherapy and prolong the disease-free survival rate. The dose is: 3 million U, subcutaneous injection, once every other day. It is best to use it for more than half a year. During the injection, patients may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, which can be relieved by oral antipyretics. Easy to use in outpatient clinic.

2. Interleukin-2: Mainly used to clear residual lesions.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Patients under 50 years old should actively undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; patients aged 50-70 years should be treated as appropriate, and in principle hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be performed as much as possible; patients over 70 years old should not undergo it.

1. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: It is a major advancement in the treatment of multiple myeloma, and its efficacy is significantly better than conventional chemotherapy. And the efficacy of the second transplant is better. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is feasible and has been widely used because it is inexpensive, easy to operate, and has rapid hematopoietic recovery.

2. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: It is the only way to cure the disease, but it has a high associated mortality rate and is mainly used for young patients with suitable donors.