Mannitol Uses

Mannitol is a relatively common western medicine. It is effective in preventing and treating intracranial pressure. It also has a good effect in reducing intraocular pressure and preventing eye diseases. It mainly has a diuretic effect and can play a good role in the auxiliary treatment of nephrotic syndrome and ascites. Mannitol is also a relatively common drug for some drug-induced poisoning phenomena.

Uses of Mannitol 1. Tissue dehydration drug. Used to treat cerebral edema caused by various reasons, reduce intracranial pressure and prevent brain herniation. 2. Reduce intraocular pressure. It can effectively reduce intraocular pressure and is used when other intraocular pressure-lowering drugs are ineffective or before intraocular surgery. 3. Osmotic diuretics. Used to differentiate oliguria caused by prerenal factors or acute renal failure. It can also be used to prevent acute tubular necrosis caused by various reasons. 4. As an auxiliary diuretic measure to treat nephrotic syndrome and ascites due to cirrhosis, especially when accompanied by hypoproteinemia. 5. For overdose of certain drugs or poisoning (such as barbiturates, lithium, salicylates and bromides, etc.), this drug can promote the excretion of the above substances and prevent renal toxicity. 6. As an irrigation agent, it is used in transurethral prostatectomy. 7. Preoperative bowel preparation.

Dosage and Administration 1. Usual dosage for adults: (1) Diuretic: The usual dosage is 1-2 g/kg body weight, generally 250 ml of 20% solution is intravenously dripped, and the dosage is adjusted to maintain the urine output at 30-50 ml per hour. (2) Treatment of cerebral edema, intracranial hypertension and glaucoma: 0.25-2 g/kg body weight, prepared into a concentration of 15%-25%, and intravenously dripped within 30-60 minutes. When the patient is debilitated, the dose should be reduced to 0.5 g/kg. Closely follow up renal function. (3) Differentiate between prerenal oliguria and renal oliguria: Inject 0.2 g/kg of body weight at a concentration of 20% by intravenous drip within 3 to 5 minutes. If the urine volume per hour is still less than 30 to 50 ml 2 to 3 hours after medication, try it once more at most. If there is still no response, the drug should be discontinued. Patients with impaired heart function or heart failure should use it with caution or not. (4) Prevention of acute tubular necrosis: First give 12.5-25 g by intravenous drip within 10 minutes. If there are no special circumstances, give 50 g by intravenous drip within 1 hour. If the urine volume can be maintained at more than 50 ml per hour, continue to use 5% solution by intravenous drip. If ineffective, stop the drug immediately. (5) Treatment of drug or poison poisoning: 50 g of 20% solution by intravenous drip. Adjust the dose to maintain urine output at 100-500 ml per hour. (6) Bowel preparation: 4 to 8 hours before surgery, take 1000 ml of 10% solution orally within 30 minutes.