What is the cause of three ureteral strictures?

Due to the structure of the ureter, there are three relatively narrow places in the ureter. These three narrow places are the connection between the pelvis and ureter, the place where the iliac blood vessels cross, and the bladder wall. These are all relatively narrow places. If a patient has ureteral stones, the stones will often get stuck in a narrow place, causing pain to the patient and causing more serious symptoms such as hematuria.

Epidemiological factors

1. The incidence rate of urolithiasis in the population based on gender and age is about 2% to 3%. About 1/3 of patients will experience recurrence within 5 years after treatment of kidney stones. The ratio of male to female is 3:1, and women are more susceptible to infectious stones. In my country, the ratio of upper urinary tract stones between men and women is similar, while the ratio of lower urinary tract stones between men and women is significantly higher than that between women, about 3.7 to 5.3:1. Urolithiasis is common in people aged 25 to 40, but few people suffer from urolithiasis before the age of 20. It mostly occurs in children between 2 and 6 years old and is often associated with deformity, infection, and malnutrition. There are two peaks for women, namely 25-40 years old and 50-65 years old. Urolithiasis in elderly men is related to urinary tract obstruction caused by prostatic hyperplasia, which may lead to bladder stones. 2. Race: The incidence of ureteral stones is also related to race. In the United States, the incidence of urinary stones is about 1.4%, and the incidence is lower among people of color. 3. Occupation : Data show that occupation is related to the incidence of urolithiasis. For example, people working in high temperatures, pilots, seamen, surgeons, office workers, etc. have a higher incidence rate. The incidence rate of kidney stones among Air Force pilots is 3.5 to 9.4 times higher than that of ground crew members.

4. Geographical environment and climate have obvious regional differences in the incidence of urolithiasis. The incidence of urolithiasis is higher in mountainous areas, deserts, tropical and subtropical regions, which is mainly related to environmental factors such as eating habits, temperature and humidity. In southern my country, urolithiasis is the most common disease among patients treated in urology departments, while in the north it accounts for only 10% to 15%. 5. Diet and nutrition The composition and structure of diet have an important influence on the formation of urinary stones. Data show that a diet high in animal protein and refined sugar can increase the risk of upper urinary tract stones. Other factors such as fat, purine, oxalic acid, calcium, phosphorus, trace elements, vitamins, etc. will affect the formation of urinary stones. Those who eat well and consume more animal protein are more likely to develop stones, while those who consume less protein are more likely to develop bladder stones. In my country, due to social and economic development and improved living standards, dietary structure has changed and nutritional status has improved. Currently, the incidence of upper urinary tract stones is much higher than that of lower urinary tract stones, especially bladder stones in children are rare.

6. Water intake Any factor that disrupts the balance between water intake and loss, such as excessive sweating, will increase the saturation of calcium and salt in the urine, which is conducive to the formation of urinary stones. On the contrary, drinking plenty of water to dilute the urine can reduce the formation of crystals in the urine.

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