Diarrhea, chills, and shivering
| In our daily life, we may have diarrhea if we eat too much, or eat something bad, or eat something we are not used to. In the past, diarrhea was a very terrible thing, because diarrhea can easily consume physical energy and also make it easy to lose water. Friends who have diarrhea know that when we eat something bad and have diarrhea, our whole body feels very uncomfortable, and sometimes we even feel cold and have chills. So let’s understand why we feel cold and have chills when we have diarrhea! 1. Diarrhea is a common symptom, commonly known as "diarrhea", which means that the frequency of bowel movements is significantly higher than the usual frequency, the feces is thin, the water content is increased, the daily stool volume exceeds 200g, or contains undigested food or pus, blood, or mucus. Diarrhea is often accompanied by symptoms such as the urge to defecate, anal discomfort, and incontinence. In a normal person, about 9L of liquid enters the gastrointestinal tract every day. Through the absorption of water by the intestine, the final water content in the feces is only about 100 to 200ml. If the amount of fluid entering the colon exceeds the colon's absorption capacity or (and) the colon's absorption capacity decreases, it will lead to an increase in the amount of water excreted in the feces, resulting in diarrhea. Clinically, diarrhea is divided into two categories: acute and chronic according to the duration of the disease. Acute diarrhea develops rapidly and lasts for 2 to 3 weeks, and is mostly caused by infection. Chronic diarrhea refers to recurrent diarrhea with a course of more than two months or an interval of 2 to 4 weeks. The cause of the disease is more complicated and may be caused by infectious or non-infectious factors. 2. Common causes include bacterial and viral infections, food poisoning, colds, intestinal inflammation, etc. 3. Common symptoms include increased frequency of bowel movements, changes in bowel movements, and increased total amount during diarrhea. IV. Causes 1. Acute diarrhea (1) Infections include intestinal infections caused by viruses (rotavirus, Norwalk virus, Coxsackie virus, Echo virus, etc.), bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholerae) or parasites (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia). (2) Poisoning: Food poisoning such as eating uncooked lentils, poisonous mushroom poisoning, puffer fish poisoning, heavy metal poisoning, pesticide poisoning, etc. (3) Laxatives, choleretics, digitalis drugs, etc. (4) Other diseases: acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, acute necrotizing enterocolitis, food allergy, etc. 2. Chronic diarrhea The causes of chronic diarrhea are more complicated than those of acute diarrhea. Lesions of the intestinal mucosa itself, excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine, defects in intestinal transport function, insufficient digestive capacity, intestinal motility disorders, certain endocrine diseases and extraintestinal tumors may all lead to the occurrence of chronic diarrhea. Conditions that can cause chronic diarrhea include: (1) Intestinal infectious diseases: ① Chronic amoebic dysentery; ② Chronic bacterial diseases; ③ Intestinal tuberculosis; ④ Giardiasis, schistosomiasis; ⑤ Intestinal candidiasis. (2) Non-infectious intestinal inflammation: ① Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis); ② Radiation enteritis; ③ Ischemic colitis; ④ Diverticulitis; ⑤ Uremic enteritis. (3) Tumors: ① Colorectal cancer; ② Colon adenomatosis (polyps); ③ Malignant lymphoma of the small intestine; ④ Amine precursor uptake decarboxylation cell tumor, gastrinoma, carcinoid, intestinal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide tumor, etc. (4) Small intestinal malabsorption: ① Primary small intestinal malabsorption; ② Secondary small intestinal malabsorption. (5) Intestinal motility diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (6) Gastric and hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases ① Subtotal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy; ② Atrophic gastritis; ③ Chronic hepatitis; ④ Cirrhosis; ⑤ Chronic pancreatitis; ⑥ Chronic cholecystitis. (7) Systemic diseases: ① Hyperthyroidism; ② Diabetes mellitus; ③ Chronic adrenocortical insufficiency; ④ Systemic lupus erythematosus; ⑤ Niacin deficiency; ⑥ Food and drug allergies. Clinical manifestations 1. Acute diarrhea has an acute onset and a course of 2 to 3 weeks. It can be divided into watery diarrhea and dysentery-like diarrhea. The former has feces that do not contain blood or pus, may not be accompanied by tenesmus, and has mild abdominal pain; the latter has bloody and purulent stools, often accompanied by tenesmus and abdominal cramps. Infectious diarrhea is often accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever. Small intestine infection is often watery diarrhea, and large intestine infection is often bloody stool. 2. Chronic diarrhea: increased frequency of bowel movements, more than 3 bowel movements per day, loose or unformed stools, stool water content greater than 85%, sometimes accompanied by mucus, pus and blood, lasting for more than two months, or recurrent diarrhea with an interval of 2 to 4 weeks. Patients with lesions located in the rectum and/or sigmoid colon often have tenesmus, small bowel movements each time, and sometimes only a small amount of gas and mucus. The stool is darker pink and mostly sticky and may be mixed with blood. The abdominal discomfort is located on both sides of the abdomen or in the lower abdomen. The characteristics of diarrhea caused by small intestinal lesions are abdominal discomfort mostly located around the navel, which worsens after meals or before defecation, without tenesmus, and the stool is unformed, liquid, lighter in color, and larger in volume. In patients with chronic pancreatitis and small intestinal malabsorption, oil droplets, foam, food residues and a foul odor may be seen in the stool. Diarrhea caused by diseases such as schistosomiasis, chronic dysentery, colorectal cancer, and ulcerative colitis often contains pus and blood in the stool. Irritable bowel syndrome and intestinal tuberculosis often have alternating diarrhea and constipation. Depending on the cause, it may be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, and abdominal mass. |
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