How to treat renal artery aneurysm

Renal artery aneurysm is relatively common and is a common form of internal aneurysm. When renal artery aneurysm occurs, the best treatment is surgery. Traditional surgery is to remove the aneurysm and maintain normal kidney function. Now interventional therapy is more advanced, less traumatic, and has very good treatment effects. It has the advantages of being safe and simple, and avoids the harm of excessive surgery to patients.

How to treat renal artery aneurysm

The traditional treatment for renal artery aneurysm is surgery. The principle of traditional surgical treatment is to remove the aneurysm and maintain normal renal function. Methods include renal artery aneurysm resection combined with in situ repair, autologous vein or artificial blood vessel interstitial transplantation or diversion; ex vivo hypothermic perfusion, renal artery aneurysm resection and repair, autologous kidney transplantation, etc. In recent years, interventional treatment has partially replaced surgical methods and become the first choice for renal artery aneurysm because of its low trauma, significant effect, simplicity and safety. Methods include aneurysm embolization, stent graft intraluminal isolation, etc.

Causes

1. Structural damage to the arterial wall

Severe atherosclerosis leads to renal artery intimal ulcers, medial degeneration, elastic fiber rupture, and dilatation after arterial stenosis; congenital fibromuscular dysplasia and Ellison-Danlos syndrome (EDS)-related weak elastic layer and increased vascular fragility can all cause aneurysm formation.

2. Injury

Blunt trauma and penetrating injuries to the waist, as well as iatrogenic injuries such as puncture biopsy and intubation, can damage the integrity of the renal artery wall and lead to aneurysm formation. Dissection and pseudoaneurysm are the most common types, especially in the right kidney which is located low and easily vulnerable to trauma. Because the wall of a pseudoaneurysm is composed of fibrous and inflammatory tissue, it is very easy to rupture.

3. Autoimmune diseases

Such as collagen vascular disease, polyarteritis, and immune responses associated with tuberculosis and syphilis. It is common in the intrarenal type, and most cases are multiple or bilateral.

Hypertension is the most common symptom of renal artery aneurysm. The clinical feature is a persistent increase in blood pressure, with a more obvious increase in diastolic blood pressure. It is difficult to control with general medications and is often accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness, headache, chest tightness, palpitations, nausea and vomiting. The cause is related to reduced renal blood perfusion due to arterial stenosis, microrenal infarction, and branch compression.