What diseases can biochemical tests detect?

In daily life, many people are required to undergo biochemical tests, but many people are not clear about what biochemical tests check and how they can reflect what abnormalities in our body. In fact, biochemical tests are a comprehensive physical examination and an understanding of the physical condition. They can promptly detect potential diseases in the body, such as hepatitis, diabetes and other diseases. The following specifically introduces what diseases biochemical tests can detect.

The major biochemical examination mainly includes liver function, kidney function, electrolytes, blood sugar, blood lipids, myocardial enzyme spectrum and other examination contents. The major biochemical examination items may vary due to the different capabilities of each hospital to develop new projects and clinical use capabilities. Generally, they include: liver function (9-15 items), kidney function (2-6 items), blood sugar (1 item), blood lipids (4-6 items), electrolytes (5-7 items), myocardial enzyme spectrum analysis (4-5 items) and various special protein quantification, etc.

1. Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT or GPT): common in acute and chronic hepatitis, drug-induced liver damage, fatty liver, cirrhosis, myocardial infarction, myocarditis and biliary tract diseases.

2. Elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST or GOT): commonly seen in the onset of myocardial infarction, acute and chronic hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, heart failure, dermatomyositis, etc.

3. Increased serum total protein: common in severe dehydration (such as diarrhea, vomiting, shock, high fever) and multiple myeloma. Reduction: common in malignant tumors, severe tuberculosis, nutritional and absorption disorders, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, ulcerative colitis, burns, blood loss, etc.

4. Increased serum albumin: This is common when severe water loss leads to plasma concentration, which increases the albumin concentration. Reduction: Basically the same as total protein, especially in liver and kidney diseases.

5. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP): common in liver cancer, cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, acute and chronic icteric hepatitis, osteoblastoma, bone metastasis, and fracture recovery period. In addition, the skeletal system of children and adolescents is active during their growth and development period, which can increase ALP. Note: Using different flushing solutions may result in significant differences in results.

6. Elevated serum r-glutamyl transferase (GGT or r-GT): commonly seen in primary or metastatic liver cancer, acute hepatitis, active cirrhosis of chronic hepatitis, acute pancreatitis and heart failure.

7. Increased serum total bilirubin: common in liver diseases, extrahepatic diseases, primary biliary cirrhosis, hemolytic jaundice, acute icteric hepatitis, neonatal jaundice, chronic active hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, viral hepatitis cholelithiasis, obstructive jaundice, pancreatic head cancer, and cirrhosis.

8. Increased serum direct bilirubin: common in obstructive jaundice, liver cancer, pancreatic head cancer, cholelithiasis, etc.

9. Increased serum triglycerides: It may be caused by genetic, dietary factors or secondary to certain diseases, such as diabetes, kidney disease, etc. A TG value above 2.26mmol/L is considered increased; a TG value above 5.65mmol/L is considered severe hypertriglyceridemia. Decreased: common in hyperthyroidism, adrenal cortex insufficiency, liver parenchymal lesions, primary B lipoprotein deficiency and malabsorption.

10. Serum apolipoprotein B Apolipoprotein B is a structural protein of low-density lipoprotein and mainly represents the level of LDL. Under pathological conditions, the changes in APOB are often more obvious than those in LDL. Increased: common in hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and psoriasis.

11. Serum total cholesterol

(1) Determination of risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases;

(2) Diagnosis and classification of hyperlipoproteinemia and dyslipoproteinemia;

(3) Increased or low CHO levels may be primary (including hereditary), due to nutritional factors, or secondary to certain diseases, such as thyroid disease, kidney disease, etc. When the CHO value is between 5.17-6.47mmol/L, it is at the dangerous edge of atherosclerosis; 6.47-7.76mmol/L is the dangerous level of atherosclerosis; >7.76mmol/L is the high-risk level of atherosclerosis.