What are the examinations of digestive endoscopy?

With the improvement of the quality of life, the pressure of life and study faced by everyone has also greatly increased. This has directly led to the formation of some bad habits, such as irregular diet, staying up late, etc., which have adverse effects on the body and the digestive system in the body. To clearly know what the problems are, the digestive endoscopy can tell you. In fact, there are many types of digestive endoscopy, such as gastroscopy, colonoscopy, etc. What are the specific digestive endoscopy examinations? Let's learn about it together below.

1. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Including esophagoscope, gastroscope and duodenoscope. A forward-looking direct-view gastroscope is generally used, which is suitable for examining and treating lesions of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenal bulb.

2. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A method in which a side-view duodenoscope is used to insert a catheter into the duodenal papilla under X-ray monitoring, and then contrast agent is injected to visualize the pancreatic duct and bile duct separately. Imaging can be used to diagnose diseases of the pancreas and bile duct, such as various inflammations, stones, tumors, congenital malformations, and differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. In terms of endoscopic treatment, papillary muscle incision can be performed through duodenoscope to remove stones in the common bile duct, and internal drainage can also be performed on patients with obstructive jaundice to relieve jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiopancreatography and various treatment measures may sometimes cause complications such as acute pancreatitis, biliary tract infection, and duodenal perforation. Therefore, the operation should be performed under the guidance of an experienced physician.

3. Enteroscopy

Enteroscope is a forward-looking direct-view endoscope with a length of 160 to 170 cm. It is suitable for examining inflammatory diseases of the small intestine, such as tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, tumors, adult celiac disease and certain unexplained upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

4. Colonoscopy

A colonoscope is a forward-looking, direct-viewing endoscope, which is divided into sigmoidoscope, mid-colonoscope and pancolonoscope according to its length. It is mainly used to examine inflammation, ulcers, polyps, tumors and vascular malformations of the colon. Polypectomy through colonoscopy has been widely used in clinical practice, and can also be used for therapeutic measures such as hemostasis. Colonoscopy is contraindicated in patients with intestinal perforation or suspected perforation, severe acute intestinal inflammation or toxic intestinal paralysis, acute peritonitis, extensive intestinal adhesions, pregnant women, and patients with severe cardiopulmonary diseases who cannot tolerate the examination.

5. Choledochoscope

A choledochoscope (including a mother-and-daughter endoscope) is a thin-diameter endoscope. Most of the time, during laparotomy, the endoscope is inserted into the bile duct through the bile duct incision or through the biopsy channel of a duodenoscope to observe for stones, inflammation, or tumors. If necessary, living tissue can be taken for histopathological examination. The choledochoscope can also be used to crush stones in the liver and bile duct to facilitate their excretion.

6. Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy is an endoscope used to examine abdominal organs and peritoneal lesions. It is still a rigid mirror, using fiber optics for lighting. During the examination, it is necessary to first make a 1 cm incision in the skin below the umbilicus, insert a pneumoperitoneum needle at 45 degrees through the incision, and connect a needle tube after aspirating no blood. If normal saline flows in smoothly, it means that the puncture is successful and the needle is in the abdominal cavity. Connect to the CO2 inflator, the air intake speed should not exceed 1L/min, and the total amount should be 2-3L. The intra-abdominal pressure does not exceed 2.13 KPa (16 mmHg). Inflation separates the abdominal wall from the internal organs to facilitate observation. It is mainly used for observing lesions of organs such as the liver, spleen, gallbladder, anterior gastric wall, peritoneum, and omentum, and can perform biopsy. It can make accurate diagnoses of various types of hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver tumors, abdominal wall tuberculosis, tumors, abdominal masses and other diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory observation of deep abdominal lesions, internal organs, and retroperitoneal organs. The combination of laparoscope and ultrasonic probe can directly detect deep organs and the interior of organs, with relatively satisfactory results. Laparoscopic examination is not suitable for patients with extensive adhesions of the abdominal wall, impaired bleeding and coagulation mechanisms, severe abdominal hernia, and severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. In addition, laparoscopic minimally invasive treatment can also be performed using a laparoscope and related instruments.