The anus is swollen and there is a meat ball

Chrysanthemum is an elegant name for the anus. The swelling and lump are typical symptoms of hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are a common disease. At first, you may not feel any problem. But once it becomes serious, it will seriously affect your work and life, and there is even a risk of cancer. Because "so many people are suffering from the disease", people tend to procrastinate and fail to seek medical treatment in time. They wait until something happens before taking action. This is unwise. In addition to correcting attitudes, this article will focus on the treatment and prevention of hemorrhoids.

Treatment of hemorrhoids

1. Non-surgical treatment

Asymptomatic hemorrhoids do not require treatment; symptomatic hemorrhoids do not require radical treatment; non-surgical treatment is the main treatment.

(1) General treatment is applicable to most hemorrhoids, including the early stages of thrombotic and incarcerated hemorrhoids. Pay attention to your diet, avoid alcohol and spicy foods, increase fiber foods, eat more fruits and vegetables, drink more water, change bad bowel habits, keep bowel movements smooth, take laxatives when necessary, and clean the anus after defecation. For prolapsed hemorrhoids, be careful to gently push the hemorrhoids back with your hands to prevent them from falling out again. Avoid sitting or standing for long periods of time, do appropriate exercise, take a sitz bath in warm water (which may contain potassium permanganate) before going to bed, etc.

(2) Local medication has been widely used, including suppositories, ointments and lotions, most of which contain Chinese herbal ingredients.

(3) Oral medications are generally used to treat varicose veins.

(4) Injection therapy is more effective for grade I and II bleeding internal hemorrhoids. The sclerosant is injected around the venous plexus in the submucosal layer to cause an inflammatory reaction and fibrosis, thereby compressing the varicose veins. The treatment can be repeated after one month to avoid injecting the sclerosant into the mucosal layer and causing necrosis.

(5) Physical therapy: laser therapy, cryotherapy, direct current therapy, copper ion electrochemical therapy, microwave thermocoagulation therapy, and infrared coagulation therapy are less commonly used.

(6) Rubber band ligation is used to tie the root of the hemorrhoids to block their blood supply and cause the hemorrhoids to fall off and necrotize. It is suitable for grade II and III internal hemorrhoids, and is more suitable for giant internal hemorrhoids and fibrotic internal hemorrhoids.

2. Surgery

(1) Indications for surgery: Conservative treatment is ineffective, hemorrhoids are severely prolapsed, large fibrotic internal hemorrhoids are not well treated with injections, and there are anal fissures, anal fistulas, etc.;

(2) Principles of surgery: Surgery is used to reposition the prolapsed anal cushion and preserve the structure of the anal cushion as much as possible, thereby minimizing the impact on the ability to control bowel movements.

(3) Preoperative preparation: When there are ulcers or infections on the surface of internal hemorrhoids, conservative treatment such as laxatives and warm water sitz baths should be performed first, and surgery can be performed after the ulcers have healed; bowel preparation should be performed.

(4) Surgical methods ① Thrombosed external hemorrhoidectomy is suitable for patients whose pain does not ease or the swelling does not shrink after conservative treatment of thrombosed external hemorrhoids. ② Traditional hemorrhoidectomy is external peeling and internal ligation. ③Hemorrhoidectomy (Whitehead procedure) is a classic procedure in textbooks, which can easily lead to anal stenosis and is rarely used in clinical practice. ④PPH surgery: hemorrhoidal rectal mucosal circumcision and stapling with stapler. It was created by Italian doctor Longo and began to be promoted in 1998. It is mainly suitable for prolapsed III-IV grade mixed hemorrhoids, annular hemorrhoids, and some severely bleeding II grade internal hemorrhoids. The mechanism of PPH in treating prolapsed hemorrhoids: circular resection of 2 to 3 cm mucosa and submucosal tissue at the lower end of the rectum to restore the normal anatomical structure, that is, the anal cushions are returned to their original position; the resection of the submucosal tissue blocks the blood supply of the superior hemorrhoidal artery to the hemorrhoidal area, causing the hemorrhoids to shrink after surgery. Compared with traditional hemorrhoidectomy, PPH surgery has shorter operation time, less postoperative pain, faster recovery and fewer complications, but the equipment is more expensive.

(5) Postoperative treatment: Observe whether any complications occur, pay attention to diet, and maintain smooth bowel movements.

Prevention of hemorrhoids

1.Physical exercise;

2. Prevent constipation;

3. Develop the habit of regular bowel movements;

4. Keep the area around the anus clean;

5. Keep your lower body warm;

6. Avoid sitting or standing for long periods of time;

7. Pay attention to health care during pregnancy and childbirth;

8. Do pelvic floor exercises regularly;

9. Self-massage;

10. Take medication promptly.