Is urine glucose 30 serious?

When undergoing examinations in the hospital, many people need to undergo urine tests. This is because urine can reflect many problems in the human body, and through urine, it is possible to diagnose what diseases the patient has. If the result of urine test is glucose 3+, it means that the patient has diabetes and needs timely treatment, otherwise his health will be threatened.

1. What does urine glucose 3+ mean?

It is caused by diabetes. There is no glucose in the urine of normal people, but because the blood sugar of diabetics is too high, the kidneys excrete excess glucose from the urine, so glucose appears in the urine. The glucose in the urine is what people call urine sugar.

Only when blood sugar reaches a certain level can sugar leak out of the urine. The lowest concentration of glucose that the kidneys can excrete from the urine is called the "renal glucose threshold".

The normal renal glucose threshold is 8.9-10.0mmo/L. That is to say, when blood sugar is ≥8.9-10.0mmo/L, urine sugar will be positive. The more it is indicated on the test report, the more glucose is in the urine. It is recommended to take hypoglycemic treatment, control diet and increase exercise.

2. Causes of Diabetes

1. Genetic factors

There is significant genetic heterogeneity in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes has a familial tendency, with 1/4 to 1/2 of patients having a family history of diabetes. Clinically, there are at least 60 genetic syndromes that may be associated with diabetes. There are multiple DNA sites involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, among which the DQ site polymorphism in the HLA antigen gene is the most closely related. Many clear gene mutations have been found in type 2 diabetes, such as the insulin gene, insulin receptor gene, glucokinase gene, mitochondrial gene, etc.

2. Environmental factors

Obesity caused by overeating and reduced physical activity is the most important environmental factor for type 2 diabetes, making individuals with genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes more susceptible to the disease. Patients with type 1 diabetes have an abnormal immune system, which leads to autoimmune reactions and destruction of insulin beta cells after infection with certain viruses such as coxsackie virus, rubella virus, and mumps virus.

3. The harm of diabetes

1. Harm to the kidneys: Due to high blood sugar, high blood pressure and high blood lipids, the glomerular microcirculation filtration pressure increases abnormally, promoting the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy. The early symptoms are proteinuria and edema, and in the late stage, renal failure occurs, which is the main cause of death in diabetes.

2. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular hazards. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications are fatal complications of diabetes. It mainly manifests itself in atherosclerosis of the aorta, coronary artery, and cerebral artery, as well as microvascular diabetic lesions with extensive small blood vessel endothelial hyperplasia and thickening of the capillary basement membrane. Incoordination between vasoconstriction and dilation, platelet aggregation, and lipid deposition in the blood vessel walls lead to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperviscosity, and hypertension, causing the morbidity and mortality of diabetic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to rise exponentially.

3. Acute complications. The hazards of diabetes also include acute complications, diabetes mellitus and infection: the incidence rate is high, the two are causally related and must be treated simultaneously. Common infections include respiratory tract infections and tuberculosis, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. The harm also lies in diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome: it mostly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, half of whom have no history of diabetes. Clinical manifestations include severe dehydration. Sometimes it can be misdiagnosed as cerebrovascular accident due to clinical manifestations such as hemiplegia and coma, with a mortality rate as high as 50%.

4. The hazards of lactic acidosis. Most patients have a history of heart, liver, or kidney diseases, or a history of shock, infection, hypoxia, drinking, or taking large amounts of hypoglycemic drugs. The symptoms are non-specific and the mortality rate is high.