What is the cause of hemangioma on liver during physical examination?

The human body has a complex organ structure, and the liver is a relatively critical organ in the human body. Liver problems have a great impact on the health of the body. Liver hemangioma is also a relatively common physical disease. There are many causes of liver hemangioma, which is generally a political disease caused by liver function diseases. It requires timely treatment and examination, and you should pay more attention to rest.

How does hepatic hemangioma come about?

In fact, the real mechanism is not clear. There are the congenital developmental abnormality theory (the occurrence of hemangioma is caused by congenital peripheral vascular malformation of the liver. It is generally believed that during embryonic development, abnormal development of hepatic blood vessels causes abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and forms hepatic hemangioma), the hormone stimulation theory (some scholars have observed that female puberty, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, etc. can accelerate the growth rate of hemangioma, and believe that female hormones may also be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of hemangioma) and other theories. The theory of congenital developmental abnormalities may be more reliable. It is actually a sinusoid in the liver.

Causes

The exact cause of the disease is still unclear, but there are several theories:

1. Congenital developmental abnormalities

The occurrence of hepatic hemangioma is caused by congenital peripheral vascular malformation of the liver. During embryonic development, abnormal development of hepatic blood vessels causes abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and forms hepatic hemangioma.

2. Hormone stimulation theory

Female puberty, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, etc. can accelerate the growth of hemangiomas. It is believed that female hormones may be a causative factor of hemangiomas.

3. Other theories

Some people believe that capillary tissue is deformed after infection, leading to capillary dilation. After local necrosis of liver tissue, blood vessels dilate to form cavitations, and the surrounding blood vessels become congested and dilated. Regional blood circulation stagnation in the liver causes the blood vessels to form cavernous dilation.

Classification

1. According to pathology, it can be divided into 4 types:

(1) Cavernous hemangioma is the most common;

(2) Sclerosing hemangioma;

(3) Hemangioendothelioma;

(4) Capillary hemangioma.

2. Classification by tumor size:

(1) Small hemangioma <5 cm;

(2) Hemangioma 5 to 10 cm;

(3) Giant hemangioma 10 cm to 15 cm;

(4) Extra large hemangioma >15 cm.

This classification has certain significance for formulating treatment plans for hepatic hemangioma.

Clinical manifestations

Hepatic hemangiomas usually have no obvious symptoms. When the hemangioma grows to more than 5 cm, the following symptoms may occur:

1. Abdominal mass

The abdominal mass has a cystic feeling, is non-tender, and has a smooth or rough surface. Conductive vascular murmurs may occasionally be heard when auscultating the mass site.

2. Gastrointestinal symptoms

Indigestion symptoms such as dull pain and/or discomfort in the right upper abdomen, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, belching, and fullness after eating.

3. Compression symptoms

Giant hemangiomas can push and compress surrounding tissues and organs. Compression of the lower esophagus may cause dysphagia; compression of the extrahepatic bile duct may cause obstructive jaundice and gallbladder effusion; compression of the portal venous system may cause splenomegaly and ascites; compression of the lungs may cause dyspnea and atelectasis; compression of the stomach and duodenum may cause gastrointestinal symptoms.

4. Rupture and bleeding of hepatic hemangioma

Rupture and bleeding of hepatic hemangioma may cause severe upper abdominal pain, as well as symptoms of bleeding and shock. Most of them are large hepatic hemangiomas growing below the costal arch that rupture and bleed due to external force.