Specific infections include

The human immune system is a very important system in the body, and the immune system is divided into nonspecific immunity and specific immunity. Nonspecific immunity is an ability that the human body is born with, while specific immunity refers to an immune function that people gradually develop in their lives. Some people do not have specific immunity in their bodies, so they are prone to specific infections. So what are the pathogens of specific infections?

Refers to infections caused by pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus anthracis, and Candida albicans. Different from the pathogens of general infections, they can cause more unique lesions. Their course of disease and treatment are different from general infections.

Including tuberculosis, tetanus, gas gangrene and candidiasis.

tetanus

Causes

Tetanus is an acute specific infection caused by tetani bacteria invading wounds, growing and multiplying, and producing toxins. Tetanus bacteria are widely present in soil and human and animal feces. They are a Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus. Tetanus bacteria and their toxins cannot invade normal skin and mucous membranes, so tetanus always occurs after an injury. All open injuries such as inflammatory injuries, open fractures, burns, and even minor wounds such as thorns or rusty nails may cause tetanus. Tetanus can also occur in unsterilized umbilical cord stumps of newborns and in improperly sterilized abortions; and occasionally after gastrointestinal surgery to remove foreign objects that have been left in the body for many years. The presence of tetanus bacteria in a wound does not necessarily mean that the disease will occur. In addition to being related to the strong virulence and large number of bacteria, or lack of immunity, local wound hypoxia is a factor that contributes to the occurrence of tetanus. Therefore, tetanus is likely to occur when the wound is narrow and deep, ischemic, contains a lot of necrotic tissue, has poor drainage, and is mixed with other oxygen-requiring purulent bacteria that cause local hypoxia in the wound. The calcium chloride contained in the soil can promote tissue necrosis and facilitate the reproduction of anaerobic bacteria. Therefore, wounds caused by rusty nails or thorns with soil can easily cause tetanus.

Gas gangrene

Causes

Gas gangrene is a severe acute specific infection caused by Clostridium difficile. Clostridium is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus, with Clostridium perfringens (Clostridium difficile), Clostridium edema and Clostridium putrefaciens as the main pathogens, followed by Clostridium spore-forming bacteria and Clostridium histolyticum. Gas gangrene seen clinically is often a mixed infection of more than two pathogenic bacteria.