How to treat dermatitis

Dermatitis is already a very common skin disease. Many people must have had dermatitis. In fact, dermatitis and eczema are very similar, especially the symptoms they show. Generally, people with symptoms of dermatitis will have itching symptoms, which has a great impact on us. In particular, some people will have symptoms of dermatitis when they come into contact with allergic things. So how to treat dermatitis?

Among skin diseases, dermatitis has become a very common one. More and more people are suffering from this skin disease. Their skin is allergic. I believe everyone wants to know how to treat dermatitis. Let’s take a look at the treatment of dermatitis.

Eczema and dermatitis are often used synonymously. They refer to a type of skin inflammation that indicates an allergic reaction of the skin to chemicals, proteins, bacteria, fungi, dry climate, etc. These substances can come from the outside, such as detergents, or from the inside, such as seafood, medicines, etc. The causes of some eczema and dermatitis are unknown. People who suffer from eczema and dermatitis have an allergic constitution, which is inherited from their parents. It manifests itself as eczema, dermatitis and urticaria on the skin, allergic rhinitis in the nose, and allergic asthma in the trachea.

Clinical manifestations

The clinical manifestations of this disease are diverse, and the inflammation can range from acute to chronic, with repeated attacks and severe itching. The rash may appear differently at different ages.

1. Infancy

It was previously known as infantile eczema. About 60% of cases occur within the first year of life, usually after 2 months of age. Initially, there are erythema and itching on the cheeks and face, followed by the appearance of pin-sized papules and papulovesicles on the basis of the erythema, which are densely packed in patches. Due to scratching and friction, erosion, exudative lesions and scabs will quickly form. The rash quickly spreads to other parts of the body, including the scalp, forehead, neck, wrists, and flexor sides of the limbs. Exudative lesions are most common in infants. The rash is polymorphic with unclear boundaries, and secondary damage and infection may occur due to scratching. The condition can be mild or severe at times, and certain foods or environmental factors can make it worse. Generally, the disease gradually improves and heals within 2 years of age.

2. Childhood

Most cases are relieved for 1 to 2 years during infancy, then begin to worsen around 4 years old. In a few cases, the disease persists during infancy. The skin lesions affect the extensor or flexor side of the limbs, often limited to the elbows and popliteal fossa, followed by the eyelids and face. The lesions are flushed and the exudation is milder than in infancy. The papules are dark red, accompanied by skin injuries such as scratching. Over time, the rash becomes thickened and lichenified. A few may present as nodular prurigo-like lesions, which are soybean-sized, raised, hard nodules with obvious keratinization, normal skin color or dark brown, with a rough surface, scattered on the extensor side of the limbs, and nearby lymph nodes may be enlarged.

3. Adulthood

Refers to atopic dermatitis in adolescents and adults after the age of 12, which can develop from childhood or occur directly. The skin lesions are lichenoid, or acute or subacute eczematous, and are prone to occur in the elbows, popliteal fossa, limbs, and trunk. In addition to the above symptoms, the rash is often generalized dry papules or localized lichenified plaques. After scratching, there are blood scabs, scales and pigmentation, with less exudation. The skin is extensively affected and lichenified, which may form changes of "disseminated neurodermatitis". 60% to 70% may be accompanied by a history of bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis.

treat

1. Systemic treatment

① Antihistamines mainly have a calming and antipruritic effect. Chlorpheniramine is commonly used. It is best to continue using it for a few days after the skin lesions subside. ② Antibiotics should be given appropriately for cases with extensive skin lesions, erosion, and exudation, even if there are no obvious signs of bacterial infection. Such as erythromycin. ③ In principle, steroid hormones are not used in general cases, but atopic asthma is an exception. For severe cases, it can be used for a short period of time (2 to 3 weeks) to control symptoms as quickly as possible. ④Immunosuppressants include azathioprine, cyclosporine A (CYA) and interferon.

2. Local treatment

① Steroid hormones are used for skin lesions with severe inflammation but no obvious erosion or exudation. During the treatment, change the types appropriately. Use strong ones at first to control the symptoms as quickly as possible, and then gradually switch to medium and low-efficiency ones after a few days. For skin lesions in different parts of the body, attention should also be paid to the selection of varieties. If the skin lesions are extensive, especially in infants and young children, it is advisable to use preparations with weaker effects or lower concentrations. ②Antibiotics are used for infected skin lesions. Often used in combination with steroid hormones. ③ Tars such as coal tar and bran oil are effective for this disease. Pastes are commonly used, applied externally alone or in combination with hormone preparations.

Patients with dermatitis should pay special attention to their daily diet. Do not eat some seafood, which can easily cause allergic symptoms. You must avoid certain foods. If dermatitis occurs, do not scratch it with your hands, as this can easily cause skin infection. Everyone should pay attention to the scientific treatment of dermatitis.