What are the common diseases in cardiac surgery?

Cardiac surgery diseases are the most deadly. Some acute cardiac surgery diseases can take a person's life in an instant. It is precisely because of the great harm of heart disease that I hope that all friends can have some knowledge and understanding of common cardiac surgery diseases. When similar symptoms of these diseases appear, they can be discovered in time and effectively treated. So, what are the specific common cardiac surgery diseases?

1. Congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease is caused by interference in the development of the fetal heart, resulting in partial developmental stagnation or defects. Common causes include maternal nutritional disorders, vitamin deficiencies, metabolic diseases, maternal use of certain medications, or prolonged radiation exposure. Common congenital heart diseases include patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary artery stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot.

2. Heart Valvular Disease

A normal human heart has four chambers and four sets of heart valves, namely the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve and pulmonary valve. Its function is to enable the blood flow in the heart to maintain unidirectional flow and maintain normal blood circulation in the human body. However, rheumatism, infection and other reasons may lead to valvular stenosis or insufficiency, causing abnormal cardiac hemodynamics, increasing the cardiac load, resulting in heart failure or even heart failure, and ultimately leading to death.

3. Coronary Heart Disease

The full name of coronary heart disease is coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, which is mainly caused by the narrowing of the lumen of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart due to atherosclerosis and other reasons, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. In mild cases, angina pectoris may occur, while in severe cases, it may cause myocardial infarction or even sudden death. The main clinical manifestations are chest pain or tightness, shortness of breath, especially chest pain that occurs after activity or when emotionally excited, or arrhythmia and heart failure caused by ischemic necrosis. It is a common acquired heart disease in middle-aged and elderly people. Coronary angiography is the most direct and reliable examination method currently widely used in clinical practice, and is known as the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.

4. Aortic Aneurysm

Aortic aneurysm refers to a tumor-like dilation of the aortic wall caused by various reasons, such as congenital malformation, inflammation, hypertension, atherosclerosis, trauma, etc. Aortic dissection is caused by the rupture of the aortic intima. High-speed blood flow rushes into the middle layer of the aortic wall through the ruptured aortic intima, forming a new cavity in the middle layer, which may rupture at any time, posing a great threat to life. Pain and pressure are common symptoms. Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may aid in the diagnosis.

The above four are common diseases in cardiac surgery. In fact, the most common treatment for cardiac surgery is surgery. In order to reduce the occurrence of common cardiac surgery diseases, we must do a good job of prevention in our daily life, such as paying attention to exercise, eating less greasy and spicy food, etc. If we persist in doing so, we can not only prevent common cardiac surgery diseases, but also prevent the occurrence of other diseases.