What are the types of sinus arrhythmia?

Sinus arrhythmia is a heart disease. This disease will have a serious impact on the patient. It will not only affect the patient's normal life and work, but also cause great harm to the body. After suffering from sinus arrhythmia, we must pay attention to it to prevent unexpected situations. So what are the types of sinus arrhythmia? Let’s learn more about it through the following introduction.

Sinus arrhythmia is divided into sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, sinus arrest and sick sinus syndrome.

1. Sinus tachycardia

The normal sinus rhythm rate of an adult is >100 beats/minute, which is called sinus tachycardia. During sinus tachycardia, the PR interval, QRS and QT durations are shortened accordingly, sometimes accompanied by secondary mild ST segment depression and low T wave amplitude. It is common in situations such as exercise, mental stress, fever, hyperthyroidism, anemia, blood loss, myocarditis and the effects of adrenergic drugs.

2. Sinus bradycardia

When the sinus rhythm rate is < 60 beats/minute, it is called sinus bradycardia. The heart rate of the elderly and athletes is relatively slow. Increased intracranial pressure, hypothyroidism or the use of beta-blockers can cause sinus bradycardia. Sinus bradycardia below 40 beats/min is less common.

3. Sinus arrhythmia

The origin of sinus rhythm remains unchanged, but the rhythm is irregular, with PP interval differences >0.12s in the same lead. Sinus arrhythmia often exists simultaneously with sinus bradycardia. A more common type of arrhythmia is related to the respiratory cycle, called respiratory sinus arrhythmia, which is more common in adolescents and generally has no clinical significance. There are also some rarer sinus arrhythmias that are not related to breathing, such as (ventricular phase) sinus arrhythmia related to ventricular contraction and ejection of blood and wandering arrhythmia within the sinoatrial node.

4. Sinus arrest

Also called sinus arrest. In regular sinus rhythm, sometimes due to increased vagal nerve tension or sinus node disorder, the sinus node stops emitting excitement for a period of time, and the electrocardiogram shows that the P wave suddenly falls off in the regular PP interval, forming a long PP interval, and the long PP interval is not a multiple of the normal PP interval. Sinus arrest is often followed by an escape beat or escape rhythm.

5. Sick Sinus Syndrome

In recent years, it has been discovered that degenerative lesions of the pacing and conduction system, as well as diseases such as coronary heart disease, myocarditis (especially viral myocarditis), and cardiomyopathy can affect the sinoatrial node and its surrounding tissues and produce a series of slow sinus arrhythmias, and cause clinical manifestations such as dizziness, blackouts, and syncope, which is called sick sinus syndrome. The main electrocardiograms available are:

① Continuous sinus bradycardia, heart rate <50 beats/min, and difficult to correct with drugs such as atropine;

② Sinus arrest or sinoatrial block;

③ On the basis of significant sinus bradycardia, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, etc.) often occur, also known as slow-fast syndrome;

④ If the lesion also affects the atrioventricular junction, when sinus arrest occurs, junctional escape beats may not appear for a long time, or may be accompanied by atrioventricular conduction disorders. This is called double node lesions.

Through the above introduction, we know what types of sinus arrhythmia there are. If we unfortunately get such a disease, we must carry out targeted treatment according to our own type. In addition, we must also pay attention to conditioning in our lives. We must not only pay attention to our diet and sleep, but also pay attention to regulating our emotions.