Sequelae of craniocerebral injury, with these symptoms

Craniocerebral injury is damage to the head caused by external force. In severe cases, it can cause cerebral hematoma and cerebral ischemia. Craniocerebral injury may also cause symptoms such as pain, dizziness, coma, and shock. These are all sequelae caused by craniocerebral injury, so patients must be well cared for.

1. Common symptoms

1. Lightweight

(1) Coma duration after injury: 0 to 30 minutes;

(2) Having mild headache, dizziness and other subjective symptoms;

(3) There were no significant changes in the nervous system and CSF examinations. It mainly includes simple concussion, which may or may not be accompanied by skull fracture.

2. Medium

(1) The duration of coma after injury is less than 12 hours;

(2) Mild positive neurological signs;

(3) Slight changes in body temperature, respiration, blood pressure, and pulse. It mainly includes mild cerebral contusion and laceration, with or without skull fracture and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and without brain compression.

3. Heavy

(1) Coma for more than 12 hours after injury, with gradual worsening of consciousness disturbance or recurrence of coma;

(2) There are obvious positive neurological signs;

(3) There are obvious changes in body temperature, respiration, blood pressure, and pulse. It mainly includes extensive skull fractures, extensive cerebral contusions and lacerations, brain stem injuries or intracranial hematomas.

4. Extra heavy

(1) Severe primary brain injury, deep coma after injury, decerebrate rigidity or accompanied by organ injury in other parts, shock, etc.;

(2) There is advanced brain herniation, including bilateral pupil dilation, severe disturbance of vital signs or near respiratory arrest.

2. Clinical Nursing

1. Body position: For patients with craniocerebral injury or surgery, the head of the bed should be elevated 15 to 30 degrees and tilted to one side. This is beneficial for venous return, reducing cerebral edema, lowering intracranial pressure, increasing lung ventilation, and reducing reflux of gastric contents into the respiratory tract.

2. Suctioning: Patients who are in a coma due to brain damage are very likely to develop complications such as suffocation and aspiration pneumonia because their tongue muscles are relaxed, the root of the tongue falls back, the cough reflex disappears, and secretions accumulate in the lower airway. Therefore, special attention should be paid to nursing. In addition to absorbing sputum in time, the patient should be assisted to turn over and tap his back when the condition is stable and allows, so as to facilitate the discharge of sputum, keep the airway open, and reduce and prevent the occurrence of complications.

3. State of consciousness: Changes in consciousness are closely related to the severity of brain injury and are one of the main manifestations of brain trauma. In nursing, the Glasgow score is used to judge the degree of consciousness disorder and provide a basis for early diagnosis and treatment.