What are the spheres on both sides of the Adam's apple?

The balls on both sides of the Adam's apple may be the thyroid gland or the lymph nodes, and they can move from side to side. The thyroid gland is also one of the endocrine organs we often talk about. It can regulate the hormones secreted by the human body and also regulate the body's nutrients. The goiter and goiter that we often talk about are all referring to this organ. The lymph nodes are also an immune organ that the human body pays special attention to. If the lymph nodes become inflamed, the body will become very bad and other diseases will have an opportunity to take advantage.

Function of the thyroid gland

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the human body. It is a thin layer located under the thyroid cartilage and just in front of the third and fourth cartilage rings of the trachea. It consists of two side lobes and a isthmus. The average weight is about 20-25g, which is slightly larger and heavier in women. Behind the thyroid gland are four parathyroid glands and the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The thyroid gland is supplied with blood by four arteries, namely the upper, lower, left and right arteries. Therefore, the thyroid gland has a rich blood supply and is controlled by the sympathetic nerves and vagus nerves of the cervical sympathetic ganglia.

The main function of the thyroid gland is to synthesize thyroid hormones and regulate the body's metabolism. The average person's daily food contains about 100-200 μg of inorganic iodine compounds, which are absorbed into the blood circulation through the gastrointestinal tract and quickly taken up and concentrated by the thyroid gland. The iodine stored in the gland is about 1/5 of the body's total.

After iodide enters the cell, it is acted upon by oxidase to produce active iodine, which rapidly combines with the tyrosine group on the thyroglobulin molecule in the glial cavity to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT). Iodinated tyrosyl thyroid acid is acted upon by oxidase to couple MIT and DIT to form thyroxine (T4), and MID and DIT to form triiodothyronine (T3), which are stored in the glial cavity. After the synthesized thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are secreted into the blood circulation, they mainly combine with thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in the plasma to facilitate the transport and regulation of the concentration of thyroxine in the blood.

Thyroxine (T4) is deiodinated in peripheral tissues to form biologically active T3 and inactive rT3. The iodine removed can be reused. Therefore, when the thyroid function is hyperactive, blood T4, T3 and rT3 are all increased, while when the thyroid function is hypoactive, all three are lower than normal values.

Thyroxine secretion is regulated by pituitary cells and TSH via the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system. TSH is controlled by TRH secreted by the hypothalamus, thus forming the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis to regulate thyroid function.

Functions of lymph