What to do if the calf itches and bleeds

The calves are itchy and there will be bleeding spots when scratched. This is related to some skin diseases, the more common ones are eczema, skin inflammation, etc. Of course, when this phenomenon occurs, it may also be caused by low platelets, which means that the body's blood coagulation mechanism is not good. There are many causes, such as drug-related reasons, thrombocytopenia, blood diseases, etc., and you should pay attention to them.

1. Cyclic thrombocytopenia

This disease is a hemorrhagic disease caused by unexplained cyclical thrombocytopenia. Early symptoms are relatively common, mainly manifested as thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis and normal platelets alternating at regular intervals, with a cycle of about 20 to 30 days.

2. Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia

There is usually an incubation period before the bleeding symptoms occur. The shortest period may be within a few hours after taking the medicine, and the longest period may be several days or months later. It is usually about 5 to 10 days. When the disease occurs, patients often experience symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fever, and headache.

3. Thrombopoietin deficiency

This disease is mostly hereditary, with bleeding symptoms starting in infancy, a decrease in platelet count, a normal number of megakaryocytes, and no special changes in morphology and structure.

4. Ineffective platelet production

This disease occurs in some patients with megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, manifested as thrombocytopenia, and some patients have bleeding tendency. Some patients show a decrease in all blood counts, normal or increased bone marrow megakaryocytes, and platelets can return to normal with the treatment of megaloblastic anemia.

The following are some points to note when having thrombocytopenia:

Bleeding from the oral mucosa and gums. Increase oral care to prevent oral infections and instruct patients to brush their teeth with a soft-bristled toothbrush. Do not use toothpicks to pick your teeth to prevent gum damage. Keep your mouth clean and rinse regularly. Blisters are prone to appear on the gums and tongue, but small blisters generally do not require treatment. For blood blisters that are large and interfere with eating, the accumulated blood can be aspirated with a sterile empty needle, and local pressure can be applied with a gauze roll until the bleeding stops. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest to avoid overwork; appropriate activities, mainly walking, jogging and Tai Chi, are best to strengthen your physical fitness. However, you should avoid trauma, prevent bleeding or aggravate bleeding. Patients with thrombocytopenia should try to eat less irritating foods, such as chili peppers, peppercorns, etc. This is also one of the points to note in the diagnosis and treatment of thrombocytopenia. It is necessary to prevent trauma, bleeding and aggravated bleeding, which are also precautions in the diagnosis and treatment of thrombocytopenia. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest to avoid overwork; appropriate activities, mainly walking, jogging and Tai Chi, are best to strengthen your physical fitness. You should keep a cheerful mood at ordinary times to avoid excessive mental stress. You should keep yourself clean, avoid various infections and colds, and prevent trauma. These are the points to note when diagnosing and treating thrombocytopenia. Usually the nursing environment is very good, the room is ventilated twice a day, and exposed to ultraviolet light for one month. During an acute attack, patients should lie down and rest to avoid strenuous activity and trauma that may lead to bleeding. Provide high-calorie, high-protein, high-vitamin foods, semi-liquid and soft foods. The temperature should not be too high. Eat more vegetables and fruits (wash and peel) to prevent constipation. Avoid eating raw or spicy foods.