What diseases can be detected by urine test in women?

Generally speaking, if a person is normal and healthy, whether male or female, they can check for many diseases such as blood lipids, blood sugar, urinary tract infection, etc. In fact, urine test is only an auxiliary test and needs to be combined with clinical and other tests to confirm the diagnosis. However, if a woman wants to check whether there is inflammation, she usually needs to do a gynecological examination and a routine leucorrhea examination. Urine test generally cannot detect gynecological inflammation.

When women do routine urine tests, they should generally pay attention to the following points: 1. Time of urine collection: Routine laboratory tests can be done at any time when urine is excreted. In order to observe the results before and after, kidney disease patients are generally required to use the first urine sample in the morning for testing. 2. Urine volume for testing: The urine volume for routine urine examination is generally 5 to 10 ml, at least half of the urine cup. If you want to measure urine specific gravity, it must not be less than 50ml. 3. The urine sample must be clean: Women should avoid physical examinations during menstruation, because physical examinations during menstruation will affect the accuracy of routine urine test results and will also bring a lot of inconvenience. Clean the vulva and avoid mixing in leucorrhea and blood: According to the order of urination, urine can be divided into the front part, middle part and back part. Because the first and second stream urine are easily contaminated, midstream urine is generally collected when doing urine routine and urine bacteriological examinations. Urine should be collected in a clean container, such as a clean urine cup provided by the hospital. If the urine is contaminated by leucorrhea, etc., a clean urine sample must be collected for re-examination. 4. The urine sample must be fresh: after the urine is left for a few hours, the white blood cells will be destroyed and the pyuria will disappear, the glucose will be decomposed by bacteria, the casts will be destroyed, the cells will be lysed, and other problems will occur, which will affect the accuracy of the test results.

5. Check multiple times. If the pyuria of patients with urinary tract infection is often intermittent, multiple routine urine tests are required. 6. The retained urine specimen should first discharge a portion of the urine and discard it to flush out the bacteria remaining in the urethral orifice and anterior urethra, and then the midstream urine should be collected for examination. 7. In order to ensure the accuracy of urine routine examination, it is recommended that the urine used for urine routine examination should be morning urine.

Urinalysis includes urine color, transparency, pH, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, casts, protein, specific gravity and qualitative analysis of urine sugar. (1) Urine color: Urine contains uroxanthin, so it is yellow. The daily excretion of urine pigment is roughly constant, so the depth of urine color changes with the amount of urine. Common abnormal urine color include: ① Food and drug factors (riboflavin, rifampicin, furazolidone, rhubarb, etc.) can make the urine yellow. ②Hematuria may be light brown or red. ③Hemoglobinuria, dark tea or soy sauce color. ④ Pigmenturia, dark yellow in color. ⑤Chylous urine, milky white. (2) Transparency: Normal fresh urine is mostly clear and transparent, but becomes turbid shortly after excretion.

(3) Acidity and alkalinity: Normal urine is slightly acidic, but can also be neutral or slightly alkaline. The acidity and alkalinity of urine depend largely on the type of food and drink, medications taken, and the type of disease. (4) Cells: The clinically important cells in urine are red blood cells, white blood cells and epithelial cells. ① Red blood cells: Red blood cells can occasionally be seen in normal human urine. After centrifugation and sedimentation, no more than 3 red blood cells are found per high-power field of view under microscopic examination. ② White blood cells: There are a small number of white blood cells in normal human urine, and after centrifugation, the number of white blood cells per high-power field of view is no more than 5 under microscopic examination. ③Epithelial cells: In normal urine, a small number of small round epithelial cells with fatty degeneration can sometimes be found. (5) Casts: Normal urine contains only a very small amount of albumin, no casts, or occasionally a few transparent casts. (6) Protein: It is generally believed that the amount of protein excreted by a normal person per day is 40 to 80 mg, and at most 100 to 150 mg. Routine qualitative tests are negative. (7) Specific gravity: The specific gravity of urine is approximately between 1.010 and 1.025. When the body is dehydrated, the urine volume decreases and the urine specific gravity increases; conversely, the urine volume increases and the urine specific gravity decreases. Urine specific gravity mainly reflects the concentrating function of the kidneys. (8) Urine sugar qualitative analysis: Normal people may have trace amounts of glucose in their urine. The daily urine sugar content is 0.1 to 0.3 grams, and the maximum does not exceed 0.9 grams. The urine sugar qualitative analysis is negative. The urine of an acute urinary tract infection may be turbid and have a putrid odor. Urine protein is often absent or in small amounts, mostly ranging from trace amounts to a plus sign (+). If the urine protein quantity is greater than 200 mg/24 hours, it does not meet the diagnosis of acute urinary tract infection. There is a slight increase in red blood cells in the urine sediment (2 to 10 per high-power field of view under microscopic examination). Only a small number of patients have obvious hematuria, and very few patients may have macroscopic hematuria. The number of leukocytes in urine often increases significantly. When clinicians make a preliminary diagnosis of urinary tract infection, leukocyturia (pyuria) is often the basis for the diagnosis.

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