Dust disease is also known as pneumoconiosis. This disease is closely related to occupation and is mainly a systemic disease caused by long-term inhalation of dust. Dust disease can be divided into two types according to the type of dust: machine pneumoconiosis and organic pneumoconiosis, and the main symptoms are cough, sputum, chest pain, etc. It is important to understand the symptoms of dust disease and seek timely treatment when similar situations occur. So, what are the symptoms of dust illness? Pneumoconiosis has no specific clinical manifestations, and its clinical manifestations are often related to complications. 1. Cough: In the early stage of pneumoconiosis, the cough is usually not obvious. However, as the disease progresses, patients are often complicated with chronic bronchitis, and patients in the late stage are often complicated with lung infection, both of which can significantly aggravate the cough. Cough is related to season, climate, etc. 2. Coughing up phlegm Coughing up phlegm is mainly caused by the continuous removal of dust by the respiratory system. Generally, the amount of sputum coughed up is not much, and it is mostly gray and thin. If combined with pulmonary infection and chronic bronchitis, the amount of sputum will increase significantly, and the sputum will be yellow, sticky or lumpy and often difficult to cough up. 3. Chest pain Pneumoconiosis patients often feel chest pain, but there is often no correlation or parallel relationship between chest pain and the clinical manifestations of pneumoconiosis. The location varies and often changes, and is mostly localized. It is usually a dull pain, but may also be a bloating or stabbing pain. 4. As the degree of lung tissue fibrosis increases, the effective breathing area decreases, the ventilation/blood flow ratio becomes unbalanced, and the dyspnea gradually worsens. The occurrence of complications can significantly increase the severity and development speed of dyspnea. 5. Hemoptysis is relatively rare. It may be caused by long-term chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract, resulting in damage to the mucosal blood vessels, with a small amount of blood in the sputum. It may also be caused by the dissolution and rupture of large fibrotic lesions, which may damage the blood vessels and increase the amount of hemoptysis. 6. In addition to the above-mentioned respiratory system symptoms, there may be systemic symptoms of varying degrees, the most common of which is decreased digestive function. The treatment of pneumoconiosis is to leave the dust-polluted environment and focus on treating and preventing various complications. Preventing complications will delay the progression of pneumoconiosis. 1. Symptomatic treatment and treatment of complications After the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, the patient should be transferred away from the dust-exposed job. Those with serious illness should rest or arrange for recuperation. In winter and spring, attention should be paid to preventing respiratory infections. Patients should work or rest under medical supervision, and organize health exercises, Tai Chi and other activities to enhance their physical fitness. Provide symptomatic treatment to relieve symptoms and alleviate pain. Actively preventing, detecting and treating complications, especially preventing and treating tuberculosis, is extremely important. 2. Drug treatment (1) Commonly used drugs: sildenafil, tetrandrine and aluminum preparations can delay the progression of pneumoconiosis. (2) Treatment with traditional Chinese medicine: It mainly has the functions of promoting qi and blood circulation, clearing the lungs and moistening dryness, improving the body's immunity, increasing lung ventilation function and delaying the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Commonly used drugs include ligustrazine, tanshinone injection, ginkgo leaf preparations, Tanreqing, etc. 3. Surgical interventional treatment of pneumoconiosis pathology is diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue and decreased lung function. For patients with pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculoma and mild fibrosis of other lung tissues, surgical removal of tuberculoma can be considered; for patients with diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue, bullae, and severe impact on lung function, surgical treatment is not suitable. In recent years, many medical institutions have carried out lung lavage. Lung lavage is suitable for patients who have recently been exposed to a large amount of dust and have silicosis stage I or below, but not suitable for patients with silicosis stage II or those with serious complications. |
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