Targeted drugs for multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a disease that occurs in the human body. It is a bone marrow disease and is relatively diverse. It has a certain degree of impact on our body, but it can be treated through some treatment methods, including targeted drugs. However, there are many types of drugs, so what are targeted drugs for multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease in which the tumor cells originate from plasma cells in the bone marrow, which are the final functional stage of B lymphocyte development. Therefore, multiple myeloma can be classified as a B-lymphocytic lymphoma.

Currently, the WHO classifies it as a type of B-cell lymphoma, called plasma cell myeloma/plasmacytoma. It is characterized by abnormal proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells accompanied by excessive production of monoclonal immunoglobulins or light chains (M proteins). Very few patients may have non-secretory MM that does not produce M protein. Multiple myeloma is often accompanied by multiple osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia, anemia, and kidney damage. Since the production of normal immunoglobulins is suppressed, various bacterial infections are prone to occur. The incidence rate is estimated to be 2 to 3/100,000, with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1, and most patients are >40 years old.

The most advanced ones are probably monoclonal antibodies. Elotuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the cell surface protein SLAMF7, which is present on myeloma cells and NK cells. It provides a dual and serial attack on cancer by directly targeting myeloma cells while increasing the ability of NK cells to kill myeloma cells.

Osteosarcoma is a relatively drug-resistant malignant bone tumor . The main drugs currently used for chemotherapy of osteosarcoma include doxorubicin, cisplatin, high-dose methotrexate, vincristine, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin, ifosfamide, etc. In addition, there are auxiliary anti-tumor drugs, such as zoledronic acid, which are suitable for pain caused by osteolytic bone metastases of malignant tumors. Denosumab is indicated for the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. Apatinib mesylate is mainly used for patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, but it has been clinically proven to have a certain effect on advanced osteosarcoma.