What is a hemangioma?

We always suffer from some diseases in our daily life. In fact, people get sick because some pathogenic factors play a role in the human body. Hemangioma is a relatively common disease. Blood vessels are distributed throughout the human body. When people suffer from hemangioma, it will cause panic. In general, most hemangiomas are benign. As long as you have regular examinations under the guidance of a doctor and pay attention to changes in the hemangioma.

About hemangioma 1. Hemangioma is composed of a large number of proliferating blood vessels. In the early embryo, the primitive vessel is a tubular structure composed simply of endothelial cells, which form a dense network in the middle of the mesenchyme. Later, as the organs develop, the primitive vascular network gradually differentiates into many vascular and lymphatic plexuses connected to the organs. 2. The embryonic development of blood vessels can be roughly divided into three stages: plexus stage, reticular stage and trunk stage. If an obstacle or abnormality occurs in the normal development process at any stage, malformations of the normal developmental morphology of that stage may occur. In the plexiform stage, if individual capillaries stop developing, capillary hemangiomas will occur; in the reticular stage, if the enlarged blood vessels gather into clusters and tend to fuse together, cavernous hemangiomas can appear. 3. Under the microscope, hemangiomas vary in morphology but are basically similar, that is, they all have well-developed vascular-like tissue, such as the outer layer, middle layer and intimal epithelium, with a lumen diameter ranging from 1 to 10 mm, and connective tissue as the matrix between the blood vessels.

The cause of hemangioma is that most scholars believe that during the human embryonic development, especially in the early stage of vascular tissue differentiation, a small range of misconfigurations occur in the controlling gene segment, leading to abnormal tissue differentiation in specific parts and developing into hemangiomas. However, some scholars believe that during the 8th to 12th month of embryogenesis, the embryonic tissue suffers mechanical damage, and local tissue bleeding causes some hematopoietic stem cells to be distributed to other embryonic characteristic cells, some of which differentiate into vascular-like tissue and eventually form hemangiomas.

Types of hemangiomas 1. Capillary hemangiomas have a well-developed single layer of endothelial cells and a small amount of connective tissue as the matrix. There are only a few blood cells in the lumen. It is a localized lobed mass with clear boundaries, slightly protruding from the skin surface, bright red in color, and varying in size. Due to the narrow lumen, it rarely turns white when compressed. 2. Cavernous hemangioma has well-developed blood vessels with wide lumens filled with blood cells. The tumor is soft and protrudes from the skin surface. It has unclear boundaries, is purple-blue in color, and is compressible. It turns white when compressed. Cavernous hemangiomas are larger and thicker than capillary hemangiomas. It often invades subcutaneous tissue and is expansile. In the neck, it often invades deep tissues. 3. Capillary-cavernous hemangioma (mixed type) has the characteristics of the above two types of hemangiomas and is relatively common. Capillary hemangioma is often distributed on the surface of cavernous hemangioma.

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