Precautions for using mannitol

When using mannitol, you should also be aware of the precautions. It is suitable for tissue dehydration and has a good effect on the treatment of cerebral edema caused by some reason. It can reduce intracranial pressure. It is generally administered intravenously. You should be aware of the contraindications when using the medication. For example, if cardiopulmonary function is impaired, it should be used with caution. Patients with hyperkalemia or hyponatremia should also use it with caution.

Precautions for using mannitol

1. Except for bowel preparation, all medications should be administered intravenously. 2. Mannitol tends to crystallize when cooled, so it should be carefully checked before use. If crystals are found, place it in hot water or shake it vigorously until the crystals are completely dissolved before use. When the mannitol concentration is higher than 15%, an infusion set with a filter should be used. 3. Choose the appropriate concentration according to the condition and avoid unnecessary use of high concentrations and large doses. 4. Using low-concentration mannitol containing sodium chloride solution can reduce the chance of excessive dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. 5. When used to treat salicylate or barbiturate poisoning, sodium bicarbonate should be used together to alkalize the urine.

1. Common dosage for adults: (1) Diuretic: Common dosage is 1-2 g/kg body weight, generally 250 ml of 20% solution is intravenously dripped, and the dosage is adjusted to maintain urine output at 30-50 ml per hour. (2) Treatment of cerebral edema, intracranial hypertension and glaucoma: 0.25-2 g/kg body weight, prepared into a concentration of 15%-25%, and intravenously dripped within 30-60 minutes. When the patient is debilitated, the dose should be reduced to 0.5 g/kg. Closely follow up renal function. (3) Differentiate between prerenal oliguria and renal oliguria: Inject 0.2 g/kg of body weight at a concentration of 20% by intravenous drip within 3 to 5 minutes. If the urine volume per hour is still less than 30 to 50 ml 2 to 3 hours after medication, try it once more at most. If there is still no response, the drug should be discontinued. Patients with impaired heart function or heart failure should use it with caution or not. (4) Prevention of acute tubular necrosis: First give 12.5-25 g by intravenous drip within 10 minutes. If there are no special circumstances, give 50 g by intravenous drip within 1 hour. If the urine volume can be maintained at more than 50 ml per hour, continue to use 5% solution by intravenous drip. If ineffective, stop the drug immediately. (5) Treatment of drug or poison poisoning: 50 g of 20% solution by intravenous drip. Adjust the dose to maintain urine output at 100-500 ml per hour. (6) Bowel preparation: 4 to 8 hours before surgery, take 1000 ml of 10% solution orally within 30 minutes. 2. Common dosage for children: (1) Diuretic: 0.25-2 g/kg body weight or 60 g/㎡ body surface area, as a 15%-20% solution, intravenously drip within 2-6 hours. (2) Treatment of cerebral edema, intracranial hypertension and glaucoma: 1-2 g/kg body weight or 30-60 g/㎡ body surface area, 15%-20% concentration solution, intravenous drip within 30-60 minutes. If the patient is debilitated, the dose should be reduced to 0.5 g/kg. (3) Differentiate between prerenal oliguria and renal oliguria: 0.2 g/kg body weight or 6 g/m2 body surface area, intravenously drip at a concentration of 15% to 25% for 3 to 5 minutes. If there is no significant increase in urine volume 2 to 3 hours after medication, it can be used again. If there is still no response, it should not be used again. (4) Treatment of drug or poison poisoning: intravenous drip of 5% to 10% solution at 2 g/kg body weight or 60 g/m2 body surface area.