How to perform surgery for laryngeal cancer polyps

Spitting gastric polyps are malignant tumors. Some patients will also have polyps. These are two different diseases. When conducting specific treatment, it is necessary to determine the treatment method based on the condition, mainly surgical treatment. However, each patient's condition is different, and the suitable surgery is different. You can first understand the treatment methods. So, how to perform surgery for laryngeal cancer polyps? Let’s take a look below.

Laryngeal polyps

Surgical resection is the main treatment, which can be supplemented by glucocorticoids, antibiotics and ultrasonic atomization. For pedunculated polyps with good glottic exposure, surgical removal under indirect laryngoscopy can be considered. If the polyp is small or has a pedicle and is no longer anteriorly fused, polypectomy can be performed using videofiber laryngoscopy. If conditions permit, general anesthesia, endotracheal intubation and supported laryngoscope microsurgery or laser microsurgery can be used to remove polyps.

Laryngeal cancer

Currently, the treatment of laryngeal cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and biological therapy, etc. Sometimes multiple treatment methods are combined to improve the 5-year survival rate of laryngeal cancer, maximize the retention of the patient's laryngeal vocal function, and improve the patient's quality of life.

1. Surgery

In histoembryology, the left and right sides of the larynx develop independently, and the supraglottis, glottis and subglottis come from different primordia; the left and right lymphatic drainage are not interconnected, and the supraglottis, glottis and subglottis lymphatic drainage are independent of each other, which provides a basis for surgical treatment of the larynx, especially partial resection. Depending on the location of the cancer, different surgical procedures can be used.

(1) Supported laryngoscopic resection is suitable for laryngeal carcinoma in situ or milder invasive lesions. At present, laryngeal laser surgery and plasma surgery are gradually being promoted, with the advantages of minimally invasive, less bleeding, low tumor spread rate, and good retention of voice function. Mainly suitable for earlier cases.

(2) Partial laryngectomy includes laryngeal dehiscence and vocal cord resection; frontal partial laryngectomy; vertical hemilaryngectomy; and some corresponding modified procedures are selected according to the extent of glottic cancer invasion.

(3) Supraglottic laryngectomy is suitable for supraglottic cancer.

(4) Total laryngectomy is suitable for advanced laryngeal cancer.

2. Radiation therapy

Cobalt-60 and linear accelerator are currently the main means of radiotherapy. For early laryngeal cancer, the cure rate and 5-year survival rate of radiotherapy are comparable to those of surgical treatment. The disadvantages are that the treatment period is long and symptoms such as loss of taste, smell and dry mouth may occur.

3. Combination of surgery and radiotherapy

It refers to surgery plus preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy, which can increase the 5-year survival rate of surgical treatment by 10% to 20%.

4. Chemotherapy

According to the effect, it is divided into induction chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, palliative chemotherapy, etc. Induction chemotherapy is the administration of drugs before surgery or radiotherapy, when the tumor has a rich blood supply, which is conducive to the effectiveness of the drugs. Adjuvant chemotherapy refers to the addition of chemotherapy after surgery or radiotherapy to kill any remaining tumor cells. Palliative chemotherapy refers to palliative treatment for patients with recurrence or systemic metastasis who are unable to undergo surgery.

5. Biological treatment

Although there are some reports, most biological treatments are still in the experimental stage and their efficacy is not confirmed. Including recombinant cytokines, adoptively transferred immune cells, monoclonal antibodies, tumor molecular vaccines, etc.