Calcification of thyroid lymph nodes

The thyroid gland and lymph nodes are both important organs in the human body. These organs are often prone to disease, so they should be checked in time for diagnosis and treatment. Thyroid disease is usually treated with surgery. Diseases occurring in the lymph nodes are lymph nodes, which are very serious problems. It is easy to cause malignant tumors, so these two organs should be paid attention to. What should I do if I have calcified thyroid lymph nodes?

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid malignancy, accounting for about 1% of all malignant tumors in the body. It includes four pathological types: papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. Papillary carcinoma is the most common type with low malignancy and good prognosis. Except for medullary carcinoma, most thyroid cancers originate from follicular epithelial cells. The incidence rate is related to region, race and gender. The disease is more common in women, with the male to female ratio being 1:(2-4). The disease can occur at any age, but is more common in young and middle-aged people. The vast majority of thyroid cancers occur in one thyroid lobe, usually as a single tumor.

Causes

1. Iodine and thyroid cancer Iodine is an essential trace element for the human body. Iodine deficiency leads to reduced synthesis of thyroid hormones, increased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and stimulation of thyroid follicle hyperplasia, goiter, and the appearance of thyroid hormones, which increases the incidence of thyroid cancer. There is currently no consensus on this. A high-iodine diet may increase the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer.

2. Radiation and thyroid cancer: Irradiating the thyroid gland of experimental mice with X-rays can induce thyroid cancer in the animals, deform the cell nucleus, and greatly reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormone, leading to cancer. On the other hand, the thyroid gland is damaged and cannot produce endocrine hormones. The resulting large amount of TSH secretion can also promote thyroid cell cancer.

3. Chronic stimulation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid cancer: Increased serum TSH levels can induce nodular goiter. Administration of mutagens and TSH stimulation can induce follicular thyroid cancer. Clinical studies have shown that TSH inhibition therapy plays an important role in the postoperative treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. However, whether TSH stimulation is a causative factor for thyroid cancer remains to be confirmed.

4. The role of sex hormones and thyroid cancer Since there are significantly more female patients than male patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer, the relationship between sex hormones and thyroid cancer has received attention. Some people have studied the sex hormone receptors in thyroid cancer tissue and found that there are sex hormone receptors in thyroid tissue: estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and ER in thyroid cancer tissue. However, the effect of sex hormones on thyroid cancer is still inconclusive.

5. Goitrogenic substances and thyroid cancer Any substance that can interfere with the normal synthesis of thyroid hormones and produce thyroid becomes a goitrogenic substance, including foods and drugs such as cassava, radish, cabbage, thiouracil, thiocyanate, sodium para-aminosalicylate, phenylbutazone, potassium perchlorate, cobalt, lithium salts, and drinking water containing too much sulfur hydrocarbons, calcium, and fluoride. 6. Other thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer: A small number of patients with some benign thyroid diseases such as nodular goiter, thyroid hyperplasia, and hyperthyroidism may also have thyroid cancer. Thyroid adenomas also have the potential to become cancerous.

7. Family factors and thyroid cancer About 5% to 10% of patients with medullary thyroid cancer have a clear family history, which is autosomal dominant. Clinically, it is also possible to see two or more members in a family suffering from papillary carcinoma.