Thyroid tumor symptoms

When it comes to the disease of thyroid adenoma, I believe many people are not unfamiliar with it. In fact, thyroid tumor is a common disease with a high incidence rate. In addition, thyroid tumors are divided into two types: benign and malignant. Benign ones generally do not endanger human health and can usually be cured and eliminated through certain treatments, but malignant thyroid tumors can easily endanger life. So what are the symptoms of thyroid adenomas?

Thyroid adenoma is a common and frequently occurring clinical disease, the vast majority of which are benign lesions and a few are cancers. The cause of the disease is unclear, and the pathological changes are thyroid follicular hyperplasia and enlargement of thyroid tissue. Benign tissue is soft in texture, while malignant tissue is hard in texture. Benign: The neck lumps are mostly single and grow slowly. When they are large, they may cause compression symptoms. The lumps move up and down with swallowing, are smooth, soft in texture, and round or oval in shape. They can cause hyperthyroidism. If the tumor is small, it can be irradiated by a general treatment device to shrink it or make it disappear. If the tumor is too large, it should be surgically removed and then irradiated to achieve the purpose of reducing inflammation, relieving pain, reducing swelling, accelerating wound healing, and preventing infection and scarring. According to clinical summary, the main causes of the disease are roughly as follows: endocrine disorders leading to excessive estrogen, excessive iodine intake, mental stress, etc.

Introduction

One in ten benign thyroid tumors may develop into malignant ones, and malignancy may also be related to radiation exposure. Malignant thyroid tumors are divided into papillary adenocarcinoma, follicular adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and lymphoma. There is a lump in the thyroid gland or nearby neck, and the texture is hard and uneven. There are no obvious subjective symptoms in the early stage, but in the late stage, there may be hoarseness, difficulty breathing or swallowing, pain in the occipital shoulder area, or accompanied by diarrhea, palpitations, facial flushing and low blood calcium. Anyone diagnosed with malignant thyroid cancer should undergo surgical resection, radioactive iodine treatment, chemotherapy, and irradiation therapy with a general therapy device according to the pathological type. Irradiation areas: front of neck, back of neck, front chest, back, abdomen, waist, etc.

Pathological classification

1. Follicular adenoma: It is the most common type of benign thyroid tumor, which is divided into embryonal adenoma. ; Fetal adenoma. ;Colloid adenoma, also known as giant follicular adenoma (most common). ;Simple adenoma;Oncophilic adenoma⒉Papillary adenoma: Benign papillary adenoma is rare and mostly cystic, so it is also called papillary cystadenosis. Among thyroid adenomas, those with papillary structure have a greater tendency to be malignant. ⒊ Atypical adenoma: relatively rare, with intact tumor capsule and solid texture. ⒋Thyroid cyst: Depending on the contents, it can be divided into colloid cyst, serous cyst, necrotic cyst and hemorrhagic cyst. 5. Functionally autonomous thyroid adenoma: old hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic change, hyaline change, fibrosis and calcification can be seen in the tumor parenchyma. The tumor tissue has clear boundaries, and the surrounding thyroid tissue is often atrophic.

Thyroid tumor symptoms

⒈ Except for functionally autonomous thyroid adenomas, most benign thyroid tumors are solitary thyroid nodules, and a few are multiple nodules. The disease progresses slowly, and there may be no clinical symptoms. Most of the time, the lump is discovered over months to years or even longer due to slight discomfort or when the lump is 1 cm or larger, or when there is no symptoms and a lump is discovered during a routine physical examination by B-ultrasound. Most of them are single, round or oval, with a smooth surface, clear boundaries, solid texture, no adhesion to surrounding tissues, no tenderness, and can move up and down with swallowing. The tumor is usually several centimeters in size, and giant tumors are rare. A huge tumor may cause compression of adjacent organs but will not invade these organs, such as compressing the trachea and causing organ displacement. In a few cases, the tumor will suddenly increase in size and be accompanied by local swelling and pain due to intratumoral bleeding. ⒉ Functional autonomous thyroid adenoma is more common in women. Patients often have a long history of thyroid nodules. In the early stages, there are usually no symptoms or only mild palpitations, weight loss, and fatigue. As the disease progresses, patients show varying degrees of thyroid poisoning symptoms. Most patients show symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and some may experience hyperthyroid crisis. ⒊ Some thyroid adenomas may become cancerous, with a canceration rate of 10-20%. The possibility of cancer should be considered in the following cases:; Rapid tumor growth in recent period;; Limited or fixed tumor activity;

;Compression symptoms such as hoarseness and difficulty breathing appear;;The tumor is hard and has a rough surface;;Swelling of cervical lymph nodes occurs.

Standardized treatment

1. For benign thyroid nodules, local excision or enucleation is recommended to preserve the normal gland and avoid total thyroidectomy, especially for adolescent patients. 2. Thyroid cancer should not be partially removed or enucleated because of its high proportion of residual tumor. At least the lobectomy and isthmus should be performed. Many scholars advocate total thyroidectomy, believing that this procedure will reduce the local recurrence rate, but increase the probability of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland function. 3. It is recommended to routinely dissect the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery, which can reduce recurrent laryngeal nerve damage and reduce medical disputes. Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis is recommended to guide the determination of surgical methods. If a tumor is diagnosed, central (paratracheoesophageal) lymph nodes should be routinely explored or removed. 4. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and radioactive particle implantation are ineffective for differentiated cancer and medullary cancer, and are only suitable for trace residual tumors in important organs and blood vessels. 5. Functional neck dissection is generally recommended. For low-risk patients, if no enlarged lymph nodes are palpable during clinical examination and surgery, only central zone dissection is performed. For high-risk patients, if enlarged lymph nodes are palpable during clinical examination and surgery, a biopsy can be performed, and functional dissection can be performed for positive results. 6. For differentiated thyroid cancer with local invasion, we should still strive to preserve important organs, such as the larynx and trachea, and not insist on a thorough surgery that sacrifices organ function. 7. Ultrasound examination is of great value in determining the nature of thyroid nodules and in follow-up after treatment. Experienced ultrasound diagnosis can accurately differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules and cervical lymph nodes. It should be strongly advocated to replace the traditional method of palpation to reduce unnecessary out-of-scope surgery. 8. For malignant thyroid tumors, hormone replacement after surgery is necessary to suppress the level of thyrotropin and prevent recurrence. 9. For patients in the high-risk age group, if the local lesions are advanced, the neck metastases are extensive, or the tumor is poorly differentiated, active surgery (including total thyroidectomy) and postoperative isotope therapy should be adopted.

After reading the above detailed introduction about the symptoms of thyroid adenoma, I believe everyone has a clear understanding of this disease. Thyroid disease can actually be removed through certain surgeries, and through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc., it can effectively eliminate and kill tumors. Therefore, if you have this type of disease, do not be afraid to see a doctor. You should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time, which is very critical for the recovery of the disease.