Central diabetes insipidus

In fact, in life, our bodies are often troubled by various diseases, which sometimes affect our normal work and life. Even common colds and fevers can have a certain impact on our lives, not to mention other diseases. Our body needs to replenish a lot of water every day to maintain normal body functions. If you drink too much water, you usually need to urinate. It’s not so bad in summer because you sweat a lot, so you urinate relatively less.

In fact, there are many times when the human body will develop some diseases due to urinary tract infection, the most common of which are urgency, frequency and difficulty in urination. A common condition among men is prostatitis. In fact, central diabetes insipidus may also show similar symptoms. So, let’s take a closer look at what central diabetes insipidus is.

Diabetes insipidus is a group of syndromes caused by various reasons affecting the insufficient secretion of AVP (vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone, ADH) or the defective response of the kidney to vasopressin. It is characterized by polydipsia, polyuria, thirst, low specific gravity urine and hypoosmotic urine. Central diabetes insipidus (also known as vasopressin deficiency, hypothalamic diabetes insipidus, Central DI, CDI; Vasopressin deficiency; Hypothalamic DI) is caused by damage to the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk and posterior pituitary due to trauma, tumors, surgery and other reasons, resulting in insufficient synthesis, transport and secretion of AVP. The incidence rate is similar among men and women, and it can occur in all age groups, with the highest incidence age being 10 to 20 years old.

Central diabetes insipidus is usually divided into congenital central diabetes insipidus, hereditary central diabetes insipidus and acquired central diabetes insipidus.

Congenital central diabetes insipidus: mainly familial central diabetes insipidus, familial hypopituitarism and congenital cytomegalovirus infection-induced diabetes insipidus, accounting for 50% to 60% of diabetes insipidus

Acquired central diabetes insipidus: common in: ① head trauma and pituitary-hypothalamic surgery: it is a common cause of CDI. Transient CDI after pituitary surgery is the most common. If the surgery causes damage to the pituitary stalk above the median eminence, permanent CDI may result. ②Tumors: craniopharyngioma, pituitary metastatic carcinoma, pituitary sarcoma, lymphoma, etc. ③ Granuloma: sarcoidosis, histiocytosis, sarcoid, xanthomas, etc. ④ Infectious diseases: encephalitis, meningitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, etc. ⑤ Vascular diseases: aneurysm, aortic coronary artery bypass grafting. ⑥ Inflammatory: lymphocytic infundibulohypophysitis, granulomatosis, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, etc.; ⑦ Chemical poisons; ⑧ Idiopathic; ⑩ Others: Autoimmune diseases can also cause CDI, and anti-AVP cell antibodies are present in the serum.

Hereditary central diabetes insipidus: can be X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive.

Congenital central diabetes insipidus, idiopathic central diabetes insipidus and autoimmune central diabetes insipidus are all caused by lesions of the neurohypophysial system itself, also known as primary central diabetes insipidus; diabetes insipidus caused by trauma, tumors, surgery, infection, granuloma and vascular lesions is also called secondary central diabetes insipidus.

Through the detailed introduction of central diabetes insipidus, I believe many people have a deeper understanding of central diabetes insipidus. If any of your friends encounters a similar situation in life, they should go to the hospital as soon as possible to check whether it is caused by central diabetes insipidus. If it is confirmed that you have central diabetes insipidus, you should seek treatment immediately and be hospitalized if necessary.