The causes and consequences of high platelets, these knowledge should be understood

Everyone knows that low platelets can cause a series of phenomena such as anemia. High platelets also have many harmful effects, such as causing mucosal bleeding. High platelets may also indicate the presence of certain diseases in the body, such as malignant tumors.

1. Causes of high platelets:

Reactive (or secondary) thrombocytosis and clonal thrombocytosis.

Reactive causes of thrombocytosis include transient processes such as acute blood loss, recovery (rebound) from thrombocytopenia, acute infection or inflammation, extreme physical exertion, or other stress. Sustained forms of reactive thrombocytosis include iron deficiency, hemolytic anemia, asplenia (eg, after splenectomy or spontaneous splenic infarction in sickle cell disease), cancer, chronic inflammatory or infectious disorders, and, rarely, drug reactions. Reactive thrombocytosis itself is not harmful, even when the platelet count is extremely high (eg, in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease, the platelet count can exceed 1 million). However, underlying etiologies of thrombocytosis (eg, malignancy, chronic connective tissue disease, and chronic infection) may be associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, recent evidence suggests that high platelet counts may contribute to cancer progression.

Among individuals with thrombocytosis, 80% to 90% are known to have reactive thrombocytosis.

Clonal thrombocytosis is the second most common category and is usually caused by a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Typical MPNs are diseases related to bone marrow multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, myelofibrosis, and chronic myeloid leukemia. At this time, the platelets seem to increase, but they have no normal physiological function. Although thrombocytosis is most prominent in essential thrombocythemia, other MPNs are also associated with varying degrees of thrombocytosis. Other bone marrow stem cell disorders, including certain myelodysplastic syndromes, may be associated with thrombocytosis. These clonal disorders are associated with thrombocytosis-related adverse events, including thrombotic, vascular, and hemorrhagic complications, and thus may require control.

2. The harm of high platelet count:

1. First of all, the harm of high platelets can cause mucosal bleeding (nasal mucosal bleeding, oral mucosal bleeding, gastrointestinal mucosal bleeding, urogenital tract bleeding, vaginal bleeding, etc.);

2. Heavy bleeding after surgery is also one of the hazards of thrombocytopenia;

3. At the same time, multiple ecchymoses and purpura most often appear on the legs, which may also be harmful symptoms of high platelet count;

4. It may cause massive gastrointestinal bleeding and central nervous system bleeding, which may be life-threatening;