High urine microglobulin

Urinary microglobulin is also known as β2-microglobulin. Under normal circumstances, the content of β2-microglobulin is relatively stable and is widely present in human blood, saliva, and urine. Once the urine microglobulin level increases, it indicates that there may be health problems. This can be divided into many situations. The meanings of different parts of the examination are different. It plays an important role in the detection of acute and chronic pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection, etc.

The increase of serum β2-microglobulin can reflect whether the glomerular filtration function is impaired or the filtration load is increased;

Increased excretion of β2-microglobulin in urine indicates renal tubular damage or increased filtration load;

In acute and chronic pyelonephritis, the urinary β2-microglobulin increases due to kidney damage.

In contrast, patients with cystitis have normal β2-microglobulin levels;

The blood and urine β2-microglobulin levels of kidney transplant patients are significantly increased, indicating that the body has a rejection reaction. Because the synthesis of β2-microglobulin is accelerated, although the renal clearance increases, the blood β2-microglobulin level is still increased. Generally, blood β2-microglobulin reaches a peak 2 to 3 days after transplantation and then gradually decreases. Continuous measurement of blood and urine β2-microglobulin after renal transplantation can be used as a sensitive indicator of glomerular and tubular lesions. For example, although a kidney transplant patient may have oliguria, a decrease in blood β2-microglobulin indicates a good prognosis. During rejection, blood β2-microglobulin increases before Cr. Measuring β2-microglobulin helps diagnose renal rejection in the subclinical stage.

Urinary β2 microglobulin measurement is also helpful in distinguishing between upper and lower urinary tract infections. Upper urinary tract infections can easily affect the reabsorption of molecular proteins by the renal tubules, resulting in elevated urinary β2 microglobulin, whereas lower urinary tract infections do not result in elevated urinary β2 microglobulin.

β2-microglobulin, abbreviated as β2-MG, is considered to be a simple, accurate and sensitive method to measure mild renal impairment and observe the therapeutic effect in diabetic patients. Therefore, the determination of β2-microglobulin has multiple values ​​in clinical practice.

1. The assay is primarily used to monitor proximal renal tubular function. In cases of acute tubular damage or necrosis, chronic interstitial nephritis, chronic renal failure, etc., urinary β2-MG can be significantly increased. The blood and urine β2-MG levels of kidney transplant patients are significantly increased, indicating that the body has an immune rejection reaction; continuous measurement of β2-MG after kidney transplantation can be used as a sensitive indicator for evaluating glomerular and tubular function. In the early stages of diabetic nephropathy, there are changes in renal tubular function and elevated urinary β2-G.

2. Urinary β2-MG may also increase in the active phase of systemic lupus erythematosus and in hematopoietic malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It can be measured together with blood β2-microglobulin and used together for the diagnosis of the above diseases. The reference value is 0~0.2mg/L.

Common diseases of hematuria

↑ = Mainly due to decreased glomerular filtration function, common in acute and chronic nephritis, renal failure, etc.

= ↑ Mainly due to significant impairment of renal tubular reabsorption function, seen in congenital proximal tubule dysfunction, Fanconi syndrome, chronic cadmium poisoning, Wilson disease, renal transplant rejection, etc.

↑ ↑ Mainly due to excessive production in certain parts of the body or damage to the glomeruli and renal tubules, common in chronic hepatitis, diabetes, etc. Elevated blood and urine β2-microglobulin levels may also be seen in the elderly.