How to quickly relieve jaw pain

Although palate pain is not a serious disease, it still makes people feel very uncomfortable, and even their daily diet may be affected to a certain extent. People certainly hope to solve this problem as soon as possible. When palate pain occurs, people can use some appropriate methods to help relieve the symptoms. Here we will introduce to people how to quickly relieve palate pain.

Upper respiratory tract infection

Causes

70% to 80% of upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses. Including rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, echovirus, coxsackievirus, etc. Another 20% to 30% of upper respiratory tract infections are caused by bacteria. Bacterial infection can be direct infection or secondary to viral infection. Hemolytic streptococci are the most common, followed by Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, Staphylococci, etc., and occasionally Gram-negative bacteria.

Various factors that lead to a decrease in the systemic or local respiratory defense function, such as catching cold, getting caught in the rain, sudden climate changes, excessive fatigue, etc., can cause viruses or bacteria that already exist in the upper respiratory tract or invade from the outside to multiply rapidly, thereby inducing this disease. The elderly, the young, the infirm, the immunocompromised or those with chronic respiratory diseases are susceptible.

Clinical manifestations

Depending on the cause and extent of the disease, clinical manifestations may be of different types:

1. Common Cold

Commonly known as "cold", also known as acute rhinitis or upper respiratory tract catarrh, is mostly caused by rhinovirus, followed by coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, echovirus, coxsackievirus, etc.

The onset is acute, and the incubation period ranges from 1 to 3 days, which varies with the virus. It is shorter for enterovirus and longer for adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc. The main symptoms are nasal symptoms, such as sneezing, nasal congestion, and clear nasal discharge. It may also present as coughing, dry throat, itchy or burning throat, and even postnasal drip. Symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, and watery nasal discharge may occur at the same time or several hours after the onset of the disease. After 2 to 3 days, the nasal discharge becomes thicker, often accompanied by sore throat, tearing, loss of taste, difficulty breathing, hoarseness, etc. There is generally no fever or systemic symptoms, or only low-grade fever, malaise, mild chills, and headache. Physical examination revealed congestion, edema, secretions in the nasal mucosa, and mild congestion in the pharynx.

When Eustachian tube inflammation occurs, symptoms such as hearing loss may occur. Purulent sputum or severe lower respiratory tract symptoms suggest concurrent viral infection other than rhinovirus or secondary bacterial infection. If there are no complications, recovery can be achieved in 5 to 7 days.

2. Acute viral pharyngitis or laryngitis

(1) Acute viral pharyngitis is mostly caused by rhinovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc. The clinical features are itching or burning sensation in the throat, rare cough, and mild pharyngeal pain. When swallowing is painful, it often indicates a streptococcal infection. Infections such as adenovirus may cause fever and fatigue. Adenovirus pharyngitis may be associated with conjunctivitis. Physical examination revealed obvious congestion and edema in the pharynx, and enlarged and tender submandibular lymph nodes.

(2) Acute viral laryngitis is mostly caused by rhinovirus and adenovirus. Clinical features include hoarseness, difficulty speaking, pain when coughing, and often fever, sore throat or cough. Physical examination revealed laryngeal edema and congestion, mild enlargement and tenderness of local lymph nodes, and audible stridor in the laryngeal region.

3. Acute herpetic pharyngitis

It is often caused by Coxsackievirus A, with symptoms of obvious sore throat and fever. The course of the disease is about 1 week, and it often occurs in summer. It is more common in children and occasionally in adults. Physical examination may reveal pharyngeal congestion, grayish-white blisters and superficial ulcers on the surface of the soft palate, uvula, pharynx and tonsils, surrounded by red halos, which will later form herpes.

4. Pharyngeal conjunctival fever

It is mainly caused by adenovirus, coxsackievirus, etc. Clinical manifestations include fever, sore throat, photophobia, and tearing. Physical examination shows obvious congestion of the pharynx and conjunctiva. The course of the disease is 4 to 6 days. It often occurs in the summer, is more common in children, and is easily spread by swimmers.

5. Bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis

It is mostly caused by hemolytic streptococci, followed by Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, staphylococcus, etc. The onset is acute, with obvious sore throat, chills, and fever (body temperature can reach above 39°C). Physical examination revealed obvious congestion in the pharynx, enlarged and congested tonsils with yellow purulent secretions on the surface, enlarged and tender submandibular lymph nodes, and no abnormal signs in the lungs.

treat

1. Symptomatic treatment

(1) Rest: Those with serious illnesses or the elderly and frail should rest in bed, avoid smoking, drink plenty of water, and keep the room well ventilated.

(2) Antipyretic and analgesic drugs: If you have symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, etc., you can choose antipyretic and analgesic drugs, such as compound aspirin, acetaminophen, indomethacin (indomethacin), analgesics, ibuprofen, etc. Throat pain can be treated by taking various throat lozenges such as lysozyme tablets, throat lozenges, or the Chinese medicine Liushen Pills orally.

(3) Decongestants: For nasal congestion and nasal mucosal congestion and edema, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride or 1% ephedrine nasal drops can be used.

(4) Antihistamines: Colds often cause increased sensitivity of the nasal mucosa, frequent sneezing and runny nose. Antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine maleate or diphenhydramine can be used.

(5) Antitussives: For patients with more obvious cough symptoms, antitussives such as dextromethorphan and pentoxyverine can be given.

2. Treatment of the cause

(1) Antimicrobial drugs are not required for the treatment of simple viral infections. When there is evidence of bacterial infection such as elevated white blood cell count, pharyngeal pus, and cough with yellow sputum, penicillin, first-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, or quinolones may be used as appropriate. It is rarely necessary to select sensitive antimicrobial drugs based on the pathogen.

(2) Antiviral drug treatment There is currently no specific antiviral drug, and the misuse of antiviral drugs can cause cold viruses to become resistant to the drugs. Therefore, if there is no fever, normal immune function, and the patient has been ill for more than two days, it is generally not necessary to use it. It can be used routinely in the early stages in immunocompromised patients. The broad-spectrum antiviral drugs ribavirin and oseltamivir have a strong inhibitory effect on respiratory syncytial virus and can shorten the course of the disease.

3. Treatment with traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine with heat-clearing, detoxifying and antiviral effects can also be used to help improve symptoms and shorten the course of the disease. Xiao Chaihu Granules and Isatis Root Granules are widely used.

prevention

1. Avoid triggers

Avoid catching cold, getting caught in the rain, and being overly tired; avoid contact with people with colds, and avoid touching your mouth, eyes, and nose with dirty hands. The elderly, the weak and those who are susceptible should pay more attention to protection. When upper respiratory tract infections are prevalent, they should wear masks and avoid going in crowded public places.

2. Enhance physical fitness

The main way to prevent this disease is to stick to moderate and regular outdoor exercise and improve the body's immunity and cold resistance.

3. Immunomodulatory drugs and vaccines

For patients who suffer from this disease frequently and repeatedly and the elderly with low immunity, immune enhancers may be used as appropriate.