What to do if you have chocolate swelling

Chocolate cyst is also called ovarian endometriosis cyst, which refers to a lesion caused by endometriosis. Normally, the endometrium grows inside the uterus. If affected by female hormones and other factors, it will fall off once a month, and menstruation is formed at this time. However, if this endometrial fragment enters the fallopian tube through blood retrograde and enters the pelvic cavity, it is easy to form an ectopic cyst.

What to do if you have chocolate swelling

It can be treated with medication or (and) surgery (conservative or radical). So far, there is no ideal cure except radical surgery. Both drug treatment and conservative surgery have a very high recurrence rate. Therefore, the selection should be based on factors such as the patient's age, symptoms, signs, extent of the lesion, fertility requirements, and the patient's subjective wishes, with emphasis on individualized treatment.

It is recommended to choose the right medicine for active treatment combined with close follow-up and reexamination, pay attention to changes in the nature of ovarian cysts, and then take appropriate countermeasures. Mild lesions with mild or no symptoms are treated expectantly; mild patients with fertility desires will receive drug treatment after a clear diagnosis, and those with severe conditions will undergo fertility-preserving surgery; young patients with severe conditions who do not want to have children can undergo ovarian function-preserving surgery supplemented by drug treatment; patients with severe symptoms and lesions who do not want to have children can undergo radical surgery.

There are two surgical methods: open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery is the best treatment for this disease. Currently, laparoscopic diagnosis, surgery + medication are considered the gold standard for the treatment of endometriosis. In hospitals with the necessary conditions, laparoscopic surgery should be the preferred treatment for endometriosis. However, the choice and effect of laparoscopic surgery depend to a large extent on the equipment, instruments and the experience and skills of the surgeon. Open surgery can be used for surgeries that are not suitable for laparoscopy or are very complicated, such as those with severe adhesions and a history of multiple surgeries.

Causes

There are three main theories about the occurrence of endometriosis: implantation theory, metaplasia theory and epithelial origin theory. The implantation theory is the most popular theory in the study of ovarian endometriomas. Implantation theory: Sampsan first proposed this theory in 1921. This theory holds that ectopic endometrium originates from endometrial tissue that migrates to sites outside the uterine cavity, implants, and grows. Common transmission routes include retrograde menstruation, iatrogenic implantation, lymphatic spread and vascular dissemination. There is also the immunology theory.