Severity of meningitis

The disease of nephritis is generally caused by the glomerulus. The glomerulus is a very important substance for the kidney. If the glomerulus is inflamed, it is easy to cause urine protein, or the presence of urine protein is very serious, because urine protein contains a lot of nutrients. If the patient has urine protein, the body will lose weight in a short period of time. So what is the severity of gastric mucosa?

Membranous glomerulonephritis is clinically characterized by massive proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome. Pathologically, it is an independent disease characterized by uniform thickening of the glomerular capillary basement membrane and diffuse subepithelial immune complex deposition, without obvious cell proliferation.

Membranous nephropathy causes:

Membranous nephropathy has various causes. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy accounts for about 50% of nephrotic syndrome in adults. This article mainly introduces idiopathic membranous nephritis. The following are membranous nephropathy associated with various other causes:

①Drugs : Penicillamine, Captopril, etc.

② Connective tissue diseases: such as Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus.

③Mixed connective tissue disease, etc.

④Infection antigens and certain parasites: such as malaria, schistosomiasis, etc.

⑤ Hepatitis virus: hepatitis B virus-related nephritis (HBV-ASGN) and hepatitis C virus membranous nephropathy.

⑥ Malignant solid tumors: Among patients with membranous nephropathy over 60 years old, about 22% have malignant tumors, and among cancer-related nephritis, membranous nephropathy is the most common, accounting for 60% to 70%. Common tumors include: lung, breast, gastrointestinal tract, ovarian, renal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, leukemia and sarcoma.

⑦ Other accompanying diseases may include: diabetes, sarcoidosis, thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, sickle cell anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, polyarteritis nodosa, pyoderma gangrenosum and bullous pemphigus, etc.

Features of membranous nephritis:

Membranous nephritis can occur at any age, but most often occurs in adults aged 30 to 50 years old, with more males suffering from the disease than females. Foreign reports show that 30% to 50% of patients with primary nephrotic syndrome in adults suffer from membranous nephropathy, but the domestic reports are lower, at around 10% to 15%.

Membranous nephritis has an insidious onset and is free of upper respiratory tract infection, but after the use of hormones, pharyngeal lesions or other infection symptoms may occur. 25% of patients only show proteinuria in the early stage and then gradually develop nephrotic syndrome, while 75% show nephrotic syndrome from the beginning. For patients with severe disease, after 10 years of illness, the kidneys will show advanced pathological changes and may develop into chronic renal failure.

Examination, diagnosis and clinical manifestations of membranous nephritis

Laboratory tests include urine tests that may reveal varying degrees of proteinuria or microscopic hematuria. In patients with nephrotic syndrome, the level of serum albumin may be reduced, but changes in blood lipids are generally rare. As for serum complement levels, if hypocomplementemia occurs, attention should be paid to whether it is a membranous nephropathy change caused by secondary kidney diseases such as lupus nephritis.

The final diagnosis of membranous nephropathy requires a pathological diagnosis of renal biopsy. Nearly 2/3 of membranous nephropathy is primary membranous nephropathy, and the remaining 1/3 is secondary nephropathy. Therefore, when diagnosing primary nephropathy, pathological changes of membranous nephropathy caused by secondary nephropathy must be excluded first. Secondary renal diseases with renal pathological changes manifesting as membranous nephropathy mainly include lupus nephritis, hepatitis B virus-related nephritis, tumor-related nephropathy and drug-induced renal damage.